3.3 Cholinergic Agents Flashcards
What are Cholinergic Agents (Parasympathomimetic)
Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system
The Parasympathetic nervous system _______ the sympathetic nervous system
opposes
What is the function of Parasympathomimetics?
To mimic the effects of the PSNS
“Rest and Digest”
What is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
What is the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine?
Acetylcholinesterase
What are the cholinergic receptors labeled by location?
Nicotinic and Muscarinic
Nicotinic receptors are stimulated by…
Nicotine
Where are nicotinic receptors located?
In the ganglia of both the PSNS and SNS
Muscarinic receptors are stimulated by…
The alkaloid muscarine
Where are muscarinic receptors located?
Postsynaptically in the effector organs (SM, heart muscle, glands)
How are cholinergic receptors labeled by action?
Mimic ACh
Block acetylcholinesterase
-More ACh can stay present with lesser amounts of acetylcholinesterase
T/F Alzheimer’s disease is an indication for cholinergic agents
True
2 cholinergic drugs that treat alzheimer’s symptoms are:
Donepezil
Galantamine
Cholinergic agents can help treat an autoimmune neuromuscular disease known as…
Myasthenia Gravis
Cholinergic agents help to treat urinary retention second to _____ _____
Bladder atony
A cholinergic agent that can help treat bladder atony is:
Bethanechol
Cholinergic agents cause increased bladder and GI tract tone and motility, which can assist with what postoperatively?
Peristalsis
Symptoms of a cholinergic crisis are…
Think SLUDGE
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urinary Incontinence
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramps
Emesis
What effects do cholinergic agents have on the cardiovascular system?
bradycardia, hypotension, AV block, cardiac arrest
What effects do cholinergic agents have on the CNS?
headache, dizziness, convulsions
What effects do cholinergic agents have on the GI tract?
Abd cramps, increased secretions, N&V
What effects do cholinergic agents have on the respiratory system?
increase bronchial secretions, bronchospasms
Other miscellaneous effects of cholinergic agents include:
lacrimation, sweating, salivation, miosis
In myasthenia gravis patients, cholinergic drugs should be taken ___ min before eating
30
What is the antidote for cholinergic agents?
Atropine
Cholinergic blocking agent
What are the signs of fluid overload?
muscle weakness, abd cramps, diarrhea or dyspnea
What therapeutic effects should nurses monitor for clients on cholinergic agents?
S&S of myasthenia gravis
Post-op: BS, BM
Void 60 minutes following bethanechol
