5.2- Group and team dynamics and goal setting in sport Flashcards
What is a group
collection of ppl who both share similar goals and interact with one another
What is the forming-norming-performing model and what does it show
shows stages of group development
-forming; high dependence on leader for guidance, direction
-little agreement
-storming; group decisions are difficult - team members jostle for positions
-stronger sense of purpose
-norming; more agreement, consensus, roles, responsibilities clearer
-performing; team has more strategies, clearer vision, clearer aims
-no interefernce from leader
What is team cohesion
force that binds a group together, helping to prevent faulty processes
Name the 2 dimensions of cohesion according to Carron
-group integration -> how individuals feel about the group
-individual attraction to group- how individuals are attracted to the group
Give an example of group cohesion
-south africa rugby team -> won 1955 world cup
-made up of individuals who had high regard for each other
What is social loafing
when some individuals in a group lose motivation due to identitiy loss
steiner group performance
What is the ringelmann effect
when group sizes increase average individual performance decreases
- can be caused by motivational and co ordination losses
Give a practical example of the ringelmann effect in hockey
hockey team penalty corner drill continues to break down as the timing of players involved doesn’t match
latane
Why is goal setting used
-increase motivation
-increase confidence
Name 4 ways goal setting can affect perfomance
-directing attention - gives focus
-regulating amount of effort put into a given task
-ensuring effort is sustained until goal is reached
-motivating ppl to develop a variety of strategies to reach their goal
What does SMART goal setting stand for
Specific- goals must be clear
Measurable- goals must be assessed
Achieveable- goals must be within reach
Recorded - goals must be monitored
Time-phased - goals should be split into short, long-term goals
What are outcome goals
goals that are targets directed towards an end result
-e.g. winning a tournament
What are perfomance goals
goals directed towards individuals end perfomance
-e.g. improve batting
What are process-orientated goals
goals used to improve a skill often relating to technique
What are motivational losses
happens when one or more members don’t give 100% effort due to a loss of motivation
What are co-ordination losses
happens when the team interact poorly, or ineffective strategies are used in a game
Name 3 faulty processes that can cause co-ordination losses
inadequate leadership inhibits teamwork
injury - can disrupt strategies
vague individual roles
Name 3 faulty processes that cause motivational losses
Avoidance behaviour - loss of motivation as task may be too difficult
low self confidence
feeling that others aren’t trying
Name 3 strategies to reduce social loafing
Ensure fitness levels are high
record games and provide individual player analysis
identify individual contributions
What is Tuckman’s model
forming, storming, norming, performing
How can you effectively set goals
-using general breakdown -> short-term goals to achieve long-term goals
What is task cohesion
degree to which members of a group work together to achieve common goals
What is social cohesion
the way people form social bonds, relate to each other, and get along
What is Steiner’s Model of Actual Productivity
states that:
Actual productivity = potential productivity - losses attributable to faulty group processes
-potential productivity refers tp best possible performance of group - taking in resources, players
-losses refer to why teams fail; co-ordination, motivation issues
Name the 2 causes of losses due to faulty processes
-co-ordination problems- e.g. if timing of team members doesn’t match, position error
-motivational problems- if players aren’t motivated they will withdraw effort
