1.1 Skeletal and muscular systems Flashcards
What is the skeleton
a shaping framework for the body- gives protection for internal organs, is the site for blood cell production and is mineral store
Name 2 types of category of bones found in the skeleton
- flat bones- protect internal organs, act as attachments for muscles
- long bones- levers for movement, act as sites for blood cell production
What is a joint?
where two or more bones articulate to create movement
What is a ligament?
tough band of elastic connective tissue that connects bone to bone
What is articular cartilage?
smooth tissue
covers surface of articulating bones
absorbs shock & allows friction free movement
What is a synovial joint?
-give examples
type of joint found between bones that move against each other (shoulder, hip elbow knee)
Name the 5 common features of a synovial joint
-ligament
-synovial fluid
-articular cartilage
-joint capsule
-bursa
Name the three planes of motion and what they are
sagittal plane - divides body into left and right from middle to outside
frontal plane - divides body into front and back
transverse - divides body into top and bottom
What are the 4 types of synovial joint?
hinge joint
condyloid joint
pivot joint
ball and socket joint
What does flexion do?
decreases joint angle, usually to front of body
What does extension do?
increases joint angle, usually to the back of body
What does dorsi-flexion do?
decreases joint angle brining toes closer to tibia (toes upwards)
What does plantar flexion do?
increases joint angle moving toes further away from tibia (toes down)
What plane does flexion and extension movements occur on
sagittal plane
What plane does abduction and adduction movements occur on
frontal plane
What plane of movement does a ball and socket joint use?
sagittal
frontal
transverse
What plane of movement does a condyloid joint use?
sagittal
frontal
What plane of movement does a hinge joint use?
sagittal
What is a tendon?
a fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
What is muscular origin?
muscular attachment to stationary bone - stays fixed during muscular contraction
What is muscular insertion?
point of muscular attachment to moveable bone which gets closer to origin during muscular contraction
What are the three main roles a muscle can adopt?
agonist
antagonist
fixator
What is an agonist?
muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint (prime mover)
What is an antagonist?
muscle that opposes agonist providing resistance for co-ordinated movement