4.1 Classification of skills Flashcards

1
Q

What is the simple-complex continuum

A

amount of decisions that have to be made to perform a skill

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2
Q

What is a complex skill
-give example

A

-lots of decisions to make
in order to perform the skill require concentration

  • e.g.pass in hockey
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3
Q

What is a simple skill
-give example

A

-hardly any decisions to make

-E.g. a sprint start in swimming

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4
Q

What is the open-closed continuum

A

effects of environment on skills

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5
Q

What is an open skill
-give example

A

-skill is affected by the environment

-movements that have to be constantly adapted depending on what’s happening around you.

-E.g. pass in football depends where your team mates and opposition are

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6
Q

What is a closed skill
-give example

A

not affected by environment- predictable movement.

-E.g. a free throw in basketball

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7
Q

What is the pacing continuum

A

refers to the timing of movements

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8
Q

What are self-paced skills
-give example

A

where performer controls speed/ timing at which the skill is performed.

-E.g. Javelin throw

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9
Q

What are externally-paced skills
-give example

A

where environment (opponent) controls speed/timing of skill performed.

-E.g. receiving a serve in badminton

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10
Q

What is the gross-fine skills continuum

A

concerned with the precision of movement

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11
Q

What are gross skills

A

involve large muscle movements

-skills are not precise
-e.g. shot put

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12
Q

What are fine skills

A

involve small muscle movements

-require precision,

-e.g. throwing a dart

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13
Q

What is the discrete- serial- continuous continuum

A

how well defined the beginning and end of skill are

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14
Q

What are discrete skills

A

-clear beginning and end
-sing, specific skill
-e.g. penalty flick in hockey

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15
Q

What are serial skills

A
  • involve set of discrete skills put together to create one movement

-e.g. triple jump

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16
Q

What are continuous skills

A

-don’t have a clear beginning and end
-same action repeated.
- E.g. cycling

17
Q

What is the high-low organistaion continuum

A

way in which skill is organised

18
Q

What are high orgasnisation skills

A

-skills that are difficuklt to break down into sub routunes

-e.g. dribbling the ball in basketball

19
Q

What are low orgasnisation skills

A

-skills that are easy to seperate into sub-royutines

-e.g. tennis serve

20
Q

What is whole practice

A

skill is practiced without breaking it down into sub-routines- skill carried out in its complete form

-good for high organisation and continuous skills- which are hard to break down into sub-routines

-e.g. golf swing

21
Q

What is part practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?

A

skill is broken down into sub routines- particular part of skill is practiced and improved

-good for low organisation skills- easy to break into sub-routines
-good for dangerous, complex tasks

-allows performers to gain confidence

-e.g. practising backswing only in tennis serve

22
Q

What is whole part whole practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?

A

whole skill is practised- then practise sub-routines in parts- then put sub-routines back together and practise whole skill again

-good for low organisation and serial skills where skill can be easily split into sub-routines

-used to recognise strengths, weaknesses

-e.g. practise whole swimming stroke, then leg kick in isolation with float, then practise whole swim stroke again

23
Q

What is progressive part practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?

A

chaining-skill is broken down into sub-routines- performer learns one link- first link is practiced, second link is practiced and then practised together

-low organisation and serial skills- easy to break down into sub-routines
-complex skills -> reduces info overload

-helpful to allow performer to learn links between subroutines & transfer these into whole skill

-e.g.gymnastic floor routine

24
Q

What is massed practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?

A

continuous practice session -> no rest

-used with highly motivated performers with good fitness

-used to stimulate elements of fatigue

-e.g. basketball players practising their shots by doing drills involving shooting from diff positions around the D

25
What is distributed practice -when is it used? -why is it used? -practical example?
involves regular rest intervals -used with continuous skills -used with beginners/ low fitness ppl -used for players to receive feedback -helps maintain motivation -good for dangerous/ complex skills -e.g. swimmer swims width, then rests while teacher gives feedback
26
What is fixed practice -when is it used? -why is it used? -practical example?
practising specific movement pattern in a stable and predictable environment -used with closed skills that require specific movement patterns to become overlearned -used to allow skills to become habitual & automatic -used in events where conditions never change -e.g. practising a javelin throw
27
What is varied practice
when skill is practised in varying/ a range of environments -used with open skills -allows development of experiences in long-term memory -develops performers decision making skills e.g. small sided game in football
28
What are sub routines
elements/ separate movements that make up a skill
29
What is kinaesthetic sense