4.1 Classification of skills Flashcards
What is the simple-complex continuum
amount of decisions that have to be made to perform a skill
What is a complex skill
-give example
-lots of decisions to make
in order to perform the skill require concentration
- e.g.pass in hockey
What is a simple skill
-give example
-hardly any decisions to make
-E.g. a sprint start in swimming
What is the open-closed continuum
effects of environment on skills
What is an open skill
-give example
-skill is affected by the environment
-movements that have to be constantly adapted depending on what’s happening around you.
-E.g. pass in football depends where your team mates and opposition are
What is a closed skill
-give example
not affected by environment- predictable movement.
-E.g. a free throw in basketball
What is the pacing continuum
refers to the timing of movements
What are self-paced skills
-give example
where performer controls speed/ timing at which the skill is performed.
-E.g. Javelin throw
What are externally-paced skills
-give example
where environment (opponent) controls speed/timing of skill performed.
-E.g. receiving a serve in badminton
What is the gross-fine skills continuum
concerned with the precision of movement
What are gross skills
involve large muscle movements
-skills are not precise
-e.g. shot put
What are fine skills
involve small muscle movements
-require precision,
-e.g. throwing a dart
What is the discrete- serial- continuous continuum
how well defined the beginning and end of skill are
What are discrete skills
-clear beginning and end
-sing, specific skill
-e.g. penalty flick in hockey
What are serial skills
- involve set of discrete skills put together to create one movement
-e.g. triple jump
What are continuous skills
-don’t have a clear beginning and end
-same action repeated.
- E.g. cycling
What is the high-low organistaion continuum
way in which skill is organised
What are high orgasnisation skills
-skills that are difficuklt to break down into sub routunes
-e.g. dribbling the ball in basketball
What are low orgasnisation skills
-skills that are easy to seperate into sub-royutines
-e.g. tennis serve
What is whole practice
skill is practiced without breaking it down into sub-routines- skill carried out in its complete form
-good for high organisation and continuous skills- which are hard to break down into sub-routines
-e.g. golf swing
What is part practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?
skill is broken down into sub routines- particular part of skill is practiced and improved
-good for low organisation skills- easy to break into sub-routines
-good for dangerous, complex tasks
-allows performers to gain confidence
-e.g. practising backswing only in tennis serve
What is whole part whole practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?
whole skill is practised- then practise sub-routines in parts- then put sub-routines back together and practise whole skill again
-good for low organisation and serial skills where skill can be easily split into sub-routines
-used to recognise strengths, weaknesses
-e.g. practise whole swimming stroke, then leg kick in isolation with float, then practise whole swim stroke again
What is progressive part practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?
chaining-skill is broken down into sub-routines- performer learns one link- first link is practiced, second link is practiced and then practised together
-low organisation and serial skills- easy to break down into sub-routines
-complex skills -> reduces info overload
-helpful to allow performer to learn links between subroutines & transfer these into whole skill
-e.g.gymnastic floor routine
What is massed practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?
continuous practice session -> no rest
-used with highly motivated performers with good fitness
-used to stimulate elements of fatigue
-e.g. basketball players practising their shots by doing drills involving shooting from diff positions around the D
What is distributed practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?
involves regular rest intervals
-used with continuous skills
-used with beginners/ low fitness ppl
-used for players to receive feedback
-helps maintain motivation
-good for dangerous/ complex skills
-e.g. swimmer swims width, then rests while teacher gives feedback
What is fixed practice
-when is it used?
-why is it used?
-practical example?
practising specific movement pattern in a stable and predictable environment
-used with closed skills that require specific movement patterns to become overlearned
-used to allow skills to become habitual & automatic
-used in events where conditions never change
-e.g. practising a javelin throw
What is varied practice
when skill is practised in varying/ a range of environments
-used with open skills
-allows development of experiences in long-term memory
-develops performers decision making skills
e.g. small sided game in football
What are sub routines
elements/ separate movements that make up a skill
What is kinaesthetic sense
