51) Biotechnology in animal production: transgenesis (GMO)

Question 1

Transgenesis

Answer 1

• The process of introducing an exogenous gene (transgene)
• So that the organism will exhibit a new property
• The property will be transmitted to its offspring
• Transgene → Living organism

Question 2

Motives for transgenesis

Answer 2

• Only used for genes which has a large effect on the trait
• Gene should add:
  
  • New metabolic abilities
    
    • Amino acid production → Protein
• Medicine

Question 3

Xeno-transplantation

Answer 3

• Organ donation
• E.g pig heart → human
• Difficult and dangerous

Question 4

Recombinant protein production

Answer 4

Mass-produce of proteins from one species

Using:

• Micro-organisms
• Mammals
• Birds

Question 5

Give the procedure of transgenesis

Answer 5

• Gene isolation
• Cutting by restriction enzymes
• Joining with a vector (virus)
• Transfer of gene into a new organism
• Integration + expansion of genes
• Production of protein/drug/hormone

Question 6

Method of gene transfer

Answer 6

Microinjection

Question 7

Microinjection

Answer 7

1. The desired gene injected into the pronucleus of a reproductive cell
2. The cell is cultured in vitro until a specific embryonic phase
3. Cells → Recipient female

• Low success rate
• If not accepted by the germ-line, no phenotype