1) Domestication of mammals

Question 1

Domestication

Answer 1

Process where:

• A population of animals becomes accustomed to human provision + control
• Taming + breeding of domesticated animals

Question 2

Microevolution

Answer 2

Small-scale genetic changes over a few generations

Question 3

Give the levels of microevolution

Answer 3

• Mutation
• Natural selection
• Artificial selection
• Gene flow
• Genetic drift
• Non-random mating

Question 4

Gene flow

Answer 4

Transfer of genes from one population to another

Question 5

Genetic drift

Answer 5

Change in the frequency of alleles in a population

Question 6

Macroevolution

Answer 6

Large scale gene change over a geological time period

Question 7

List the degrees of domestication

Answer 7

• Wild
• Predomesticated
• Semi-domesticated
• Full domestication
• Dedomesticated
• Redomesticated

Question 8

Wild

Answer 8

No human interference

Question 9

Predomesticated

Answer 9

• Raised in captivity
• Bred by human control
• No behaviour difference from wild

Question 10

Semidomesticated

Answer 10

• Raised commercially (ranch/farm)
• In large numbers for food
• Group or appearance is not altered

Question 11

Full domestication

Answer 11

• Bred and raised by humans for many generations
• Altered group and appearance

Question 12

Dedomestication

Answer 12

• Domesticated animals become wild
• Feral animals

Question 13

Redomestication

Answer 13

Feral animals return to domestication

Question 14

List reasons for domestication

Answer 14

1. Produce food/resources
2. Labour
3. Protection
4. Leisure

Question 15

List the criteria to be considered domesticated

Answer 15

• Flexible diet - Wide variety of food
• Fast growth rate
• Ability to breed in captivity
• Pleasant disposition/temperament
• Modifiable social hierarchy (Humans top)

Question 16

Domestication history: Horse

Answer 16

• Forest wild horse
• 4000BC
• Europe

Question 17

Domestication history: Swine

Answer 17

• Wild boar
• 8-9000BC
• Asia, Europe

Question 18

Domestication history: Cattle

Answer 18

• Aurochs
• 8000BC
• India, Europe

Question 19

Domestication history: Sheep

Answer 19

• Red wild sheep
• 9-11000BC
• Asia

Question 20

Domestication history: Goat

Answer 20

• Bezoar goat
• 10000BC
• Asia

Question 21

Domestication history: Dog

Answer 21

• Wolf
• 15,000BC
• Europe

Question 22

Domestication history: Cat

Answer 22

• Nubian wild cat
• 8,000BC
• Egypt

Question 23

Domestication history: Guinea pig

Answer 23

• South American wild guinea pig
• 5,000BC
• America

Question 24

Domestication history: Lab mice

Answer 24

• Wild mouse
• 19th Century

Question 25

Domestication history: Lab rat

Answer 25

* Norwegian wild rat * 19th Century

Question 26

Domestication history: Hen

Answer 26

* Red jungle fowl * 5000BC * India