25) Polymorph systems and their use in breeding Flashcards
1
Q
Polymorphism
A
Two or more phenotypes present in the same species/ occurrence of more than one form.
2
Q
Levels of polymorph differences
A
- Phenotype
- Genotype
3
Q
Phenotype differences
A
- Morphological
- Serological
- Biochemical
4
Q
Genotype differences
A
- Detectable:
- DNA
- Mitochondrial DNA
5
Q
Blood groups
A
- RBC antigens on the cell surface
- Glycoproteins differ depending on sequence of sugar
6
Q
RBC antigens arise from…
A
Alleles from a single locus belonging to the same blood group
7
Q
Igs against most RBC groups are produced only after…
A
Challenge of an appropriate protein
Exception: Cattle + cat:
- First blood transfusion may go well
- Second transfusion may lead to problems
8
Q
Neonatal erythrolysis
A
- Feto-maternal haemorrhage of placenta leaks RBC from the fetus into mother’s blood
- The mother produces Ig against fetus RBC
- Found in colostrums when foal starts suckling and dies within a few days
9
Q
Number of blood groups for:
- Pig
- Cattle
- Dog
- Horse
- Cat
A
- Pig: 15
- Cattle: 13
- Dog: 12
- Horse: 8
- Cat: 1
10
Q
Codominant inheritance
A
Expression of both alleles
11
Q
Use of animal blood groups
A
- ID of animals
- Parentage control
- Research
12
Q
Polymorph systems: Proteins
A
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
- Absence/presence of a restriction enzyme
- Fragments cut by restriction enzymes differ in size
- Electrophoretic pattern differs
- Electrophoresis applied to blood proteins
13
Q
Function of restriction enzymes
A
- Cleave DNA at individual site
- Amino acids
- Proteins
14
Q
Application of electrophoresis applied to blood proteins
A
- Separation of DNA according to size
- Used for parentage testing
15
Q
MHC
A
- Used for immune system/compatibility between tissues
- 3 classes: 1, 2 and 3
- Responsible for antigen-presentation and immune reaction
- Self/nonself
