27) Qualitative population genetics in breeding: Hardy-Weinberg law Flashcards
1
Q
Hardy-Weinberg law
A
If the population is very large and random mating takes place, the allele frequency remains unchanged (in equilibrium) over time, unless some other factor intervenes.
2
Q
Give the formula for the Hardy-Weinberg Law
A
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 = p + q
- p2 = Freq. of AA
- q2 = Freq of aa
- 2pq = Freq. of Aa
3
Q
Sum of the genotype frequencies =
A
1
4
Q
q =
A
Frequency of a-alleles
5
Q
p =
A
Frequency of A-alleles
6
Q
A
AA (p2)
7
Q
A
Aa (pq)
8
Q
A
Aa (pq)
9
Q
A
Aa (q2)
10
Q
Hardy-weinberg equilibrium can be explained by…
A
The punett square
11
Q
The punet square is used to…
A
Predict an offspring’s genotype
12
Q
What is assumed when applying the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
A
- Random mating
- Absence of migration
- An absence of new mutations
- Natural selection only (not artificial)
13
Q
Random mating
A
- Mating of individuals regardless of:
- Physical preference
- Genetics
- Social preference
- Not influenced by:
- Environmental
- Hereditary interaction
- Social interaction
- Potential mates have an equal chance of being selected
14
Q
Natural selection
A
- Acts on phenotypes
- Individuals with favourable phenotypes:
- More likely to survive
15
Q
The two Hardy-weinberg predictions
A
- After one generation of random mating
- AA = p2
- Aa = 2pq
- aa = q2
- Frequencies of the two alleles will remain the same from each generation
