4.8 Advance (12)/General

Question 1

A therapeutic system approach to optimize the _____ (temporal control) and ______ (spatial control) of drug delivery.

Answer 1

timing, location

Question 2

The importance of __ for therapeutic system. They are critical for most advance drug delivery. They are sponge-like (matrix with pores) in that they can control rate of drug release from system as drug travels through the pores it takes time. And used in most routes.

Answer 2

POLYMER

Question 3

___ is rate of passage (rate of transport through the polymer). The greater it is then the faster the drug is released out of polymer.

Answer 3

FLUX

Question 4

Higher the concentration gradient the (faster or slower) the flux.

Answer 4

faster

Question 5

Higher the area (area in contact with environment such as patch size) then the flux is (faster or slower)

Answer 5

faster

Question 6

As the length (polymer thickness) increases the flux will be (faster or slower)

Answer 6

slower

Question 7

Partition coefficient = solubility in external medium (bodily fluids) / solubility in polymer. The greater the solubility in bodily fluids the (faster or slower) the flux

Answer 7

faster

Question 8

____= how well the drug can diffuse through the polymer. As it increases so does permeability resulting in faster flux.

Answer 8

Diffusivity

Question 9

____ release = release rate remains constant until device is exhausted of active agent. Very important as system truly controls the release rate.

Answer 9

Zero-order (=k)

Question 10

_____ release= release rate is proportional to mass of active agent in the device. Not important for controlled release.

Answer 10

First-order (=KM)

Question 11

______ release= release rate is linear with the square root of time and remains finite as system approaches exhaustion. Very important for controlled release.

Answer 11

Square-root-of -time (K/T^-1/2)

Question 12

Which release is least important for controlled release?

First-order

Zero- order

Square-root-of-time

Answer 12

First-order

Question 13

Which release depict steady, prolonged drug release rates?

First-order

Zero- order

Square-root-of-time

Answer 13

Zero- order

and

Square-root-of-time

Question 14

3 Types of polymer systems used for controlled release are…

Answer 14

1. Diffusion Devices
2. Solvent-controlled
3. chemical controlled (bioerodible polymers)

Question 15

Type of polymer system called the ______ device = where diffusion through a polymer determines the release

Answer 15

Diffusion

Question 16

Type of diffusion device called the ____, where diffusion from saturated solution (____) is controlled by polymer membrane. Drug is in the ___ and must travel through the rate-controlling membrane to be released.

Answer 16

Reservoir

Question 17

Saturated solution is important in a reservoir because of _______ and the flux is not gonna change based on the concentration gradient.

Answer 17

constant concentration gradient

Question 18

Reservoir is the true _____ order release as seen on the graph as a constant release (straight line).

Answer 18

zero-order release

Question 19

____ is a type of diffusion device where a uniformly dispersed drug diffuses through a polymer matrix.

Answer 19

Matrix

Question 20

In the Matrix (diffusion device) the dissolved drug leaves creating a ghost matrix which continuously expands (increase polymer length) over time which slows the release over a period of time. This is a _______ release.

Answer 20

square-root-of-time release

Question 21

Plastic tablet with laser-drilled hole, drug is forced through a laser-drilled hole and is released in a precisely controlled fashion, Have a rigid semi-permeable membrane (tablet shell-permeable plastic). Permeable to water and has a “flexible membrane” The drug product called ______ is an example of a osmotic (solvent-controlled) release where osmotic pressure governs the release. (nearly zero-order release)

Answer 21

Procardia XL

Question 22

Swelling release (type of solvent-controlled) where matrix swells, pore size increases and flux is faster. Govern by swelling of the matrix in biological fluid. The drug is uniformly dispersed in polymer matrix. Example of this is a vaginal product called ____

Answer 22

Cervidil

Question 23

____ controlled or _____ polymers, where matrix degrades in biological fluids, usually by hydrolysis of polymer.

Answer 23

Chemical controlled (bioerodible polymer)

Question 24

In ____ release, different factors can control the drug release. The drug can be released as the matrix degrades (biodegradation) and by diffusion through intact matrix.

Answer 24

Chemical Controlled/

Bioerodible