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DDS > 4.5-4.7 Pulmonary (8) > Flashcards

4.5-4.7 Pulmonary (8) Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic effect of pulmonary drug delivery due to (small or large) surface area in the lungs and no Hepatic first pass.

A

large

due to all of alveoli

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2
Q

Two methods of pulmonary drug delivery are ____+___

A

intratracheal instillation and aerosol inhalation

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3
Q

_____ is a method of pulmonary drug delivery where a drug liquid is instilled into the trachea for distribution deeper into the lung

A

Intratracheal instillation

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4
Q

______ is a method of pulmonary drug delivery where aerosols may be delivered intratracheally and via orally.

A

Aerosol inhalation

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5
Q

Surfactant therapy for neonatal RDS is an example of _____ where the drug is a liquid and is dispensed in the tachea of RDS neonates. Four doses administered to different parts of the baby’s lungs: Right side, Left side, Prone, and supine.

A

Intratracheal instillation

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6
Q

Types of oral aerosols are _____+_______

A

inhalers and nebulizers

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7
Q

____ type of oral aerosol where it is propellant driven and dry powder

A

inhaler

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8
Q

____ type of oral aerosol where it utilize/is air-jet and ultrasonic

A

Nebulizer

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9
Q

The goal in most cases is for the drug to reach the _____ in the lungs, where inflammation and constriction occurs with asthma.

A

bronchioles

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10
Q

Similarly with nasal cavity, the pulmonary epithelia is ciliated with _______ epithelia to remove unwanted particles and these type of epithelia are found in the trachea, larynx, nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and bronchi.

A

pseudostratified columnar

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11
Q

Mucus in the lungs are similar in composition and function to that in nasal cavity as it function to prevent epithelial ____ and traps foreign particles.

A

dehydration

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12
Q

Mucus covers the epithelia from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles and is moved (upward or downward) by the cilia.

A

upward = towards the pharynx from which it is swallowed

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13
Q

Cilia in the pulmonary region is always moving and this process provide a cleaning mechanism called the ______ which moves particles upwards. Opposed to nasal cavity where it moves particles backwards to be swallowed.

A

mucociliary escalator

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14
Q

Alveoli have a (greater or lesser) surface area and distance to circulation is shortened.

A

greater

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15
Q

In respiratory distress there is lack of ____ that prevents the alveoli from collapsing

A

pulmonary surfactant

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16
Q

The _______ covers the epithelium with amorphous hypophase and alveolar surfactants (this is where the drug will deposited if it is intended to go to the alveoli)

A

Surface lining Layer (SLL)

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17
Q

If liquid (MDI/Nebulizer or DPI) there will be tiny droplets that contain the drug

A

MDI/Nebulizer

DPI will be aerosolized drug

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18
Q

Aerosolized particles (DPI) will deposit at different locations from the point of inhalation to the alveoli. At each site, a …

A

different fate may be met

19
Q

_____ caused by the tendency of particles to move in straight direction, instead of following bends in the moving airstream. Particles moving faster than air stream, and this fast travel can impact once airstream bends.

A

Inertial impaction

20
Q

______ is where the particles deposit under the force of gravity (i.e. particles fall out of the moving airstream)

A

Sedimentation

21
Q

_____ is where the particles diffuse to the deposition sites, this is deep down in the lungs where air is barely moving and super slow. (Random process)

A

Diffusion

22
Q

The primary aerosol-related factors affecting particle deposition are the _____+_____ of the particles

A

size and speed

23
Q

Particle size are measured by their _______

A

aerodynamic diameter

24
Q

(Bigger or smaller) particles are more likely to impact

A

bigger

25
Q

(More or Less) dense particles are more likely to fall more easily, sediment out, or impact.

A

More

26
Q

The (Larger or Smaller) the aerodynamic diameter, the further into the lung the particle will go.

A

Smaller

27
Q

More than ____ microns the particles are too big and many will impact in the oropharynx or upper airways, Extrathoracic. Great for nasal cavity.

A

10

28
Q

___ microns the particle will impact and settle in the upper airways. Upper Tracheobronchial.

A

5-10

29
Q

____ microns the particles will settle and diffuse as the airstream slows down and important size range for deeper penetration. Bronchioles.

A

1-5

30
Q

_____ is the size of particle where diffusion dominates. Alveolar or exhalation of particles.

A

Submicron

31
Q

(Increased or Decreased) particle velocity favors deposition by impaction.

A

Increased

can’t stay with bending airstream if velocity is too high – inertial impaction

32
Q

Patient-related factors affecting particle deposition in the lungs are ____+___

A

breathing pattern and disease state

33
Q

Breathing pattern– both the ____+____ can affect particle deposition.

A

rate and depth

34
Q

____ breathing favors tracheobronchial deposition

A

Rapid/Shallow

35
Q

_____ breathing favors deeper penetration (what we want)

A

Slow/Deep

36
Q

Disease that can affect the ___ or ___ of the airways can affect aerosol flow through the lungs. (Asthma, emphysema, COPD)

A

caliber (size) or tortuosity (bend)

37
Q

Pulmonary drug delivery has poor efficiency due to aerosol generation and inhalation technique (too rapid favors impaction). Aerosols are in a size distribution with a significant fraction of (small or large) particles.

A

Large

38
Q

Components of MDI delivery is …

A

Container, Metering Valves, Actuator, Propellant

39
Q

Components of MDI delivery is …

A

Container, Metering Valves, Actuator, Propellant

40
Q

There is (high or low) pressure inside the canister compared to atmospheric pressure outside which cause the drug to go in out of the container.

A

High

41
Q

Hydrocarbon-based compounds that are gases but become liquid at (low or high) temperature and (low or high) pressures

A

Low temperature + High Pressure

42
Q

Most common propellant: HFA 134,

HFA stand for

A

Hydrofluoroalkane

43
Q

The main ____ alternative – breaks down faster in the atmosphere (reduces ozone depletion)

A

CFC (chlorofluorocarbon)

44
Q

Flexhaler is (more or less) sensitive to high humidity than Diskus.

A

more

DDS (29 decks)

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