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DDS > 3.9 > Flashcards

3.9 Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of Topical route: Local Effect include

A
  1. protect injured areas from environment
  2. moisturize skin
  3. treat skin conditions (such as eczema, psoriasis)
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2
Q

Purpose of Topical route: Deeper Effect for example

A

relieve joint pain

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3
Q

Purpose of Topical route: Systemic Effect for example

A

nicotine replacement, pain relief, angina prevention, etc.

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4
Q

Dosage form range from ______

A

liquid to semisolids to solids

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5
Q

Dosage form liquids include…

A

lotions, solutions, tinctures, collodians, shampoos

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6
Q

Dosage form semisolids include…

A

oitments, creams, pastes, gel

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7
Q

Dosage form solids include…

A

powders, sticks

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8
Q

Other Dosage form include…

A

aerosols, foams, dressings, tapes, plasters

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9
Q

______ layer is the main barrier for topical delivery, it is a continuously renewing stratified squamous epithelium (varies in thickness throughout the body)

A

epidermis

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10
Q

_____ comprise of 80% of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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11
Q

Keratinocytes are organized into layers (strata) to produce most significant barrier properties of the skin, classified as _____ or _______

A

viable or non-viable epidermis

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12
Q

Viable means …

A

living cells

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13
Q

The stratum corneum (outside layer) is the (non-viable or viable) epidermis q

A

non-viable

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14
Q

Viable epidermis is subdivided morphologically from inside to outside:

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum

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15
Q

Stratum corneum, in this stratum the keratinocytes are called ______, this stratum is the end product of differentiation and contain dead and relatively dry cells (10-20%).

A

corneocytes

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16
Q

Stratum corneum is loaded with ____ and keratin. Both important for intracellular skeleton for the keratinocytes.

A

filaggrin

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17
Q

Stratum corneum, contain low MW polar compounds (polar amino acids) and collectively called _______

A

Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF)

important to draw water from dermis to keep SC hydrated

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18
Q

NMF stands for… and helps draw water from dermis to keep SC hydrated

A

Natural Moisturizing Factor

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19
Q

SC: Arranged as overlapping cells interspersed with continuous sheets (lamellae) of intercellular lipids. The appearance and function described as …

A

brick and mortar

Brick= corneocytes (hydrophilic)
Mortar= Lipids (lipophilic)

Bricks held together by mortar

20
Q

Corneocytes connection are help together by _____ which is critical to limit permeation of substances and limit transepidermal water loss

A

desomosomes

21
Q

_____ another name for macrophages in the skin

A

Langerhans cells

22
Q

____ cells important for our touch sensation

A

Merkel

23
Q

The ______ is the largest skin component, about 40 times as thick.

A

dermis

24
Q

____ cell layer is a matrix of connective tissue that supports and strengthens the epidermis. Wraps the body in a strong, flexible envelope.

A

Dermis

25
Q

Dermis contain nerves, skin appendages, and lymphatic and ______ which can absorb drug into the systemic circulation.

A

blood vessels

26
Q

_______layer is where it can serve as a “deep compartment” for some drugs (hold on to them) and may delay absorption and serve as a depot for some drugs.

A

subcutaneous (the fat serves as a deep compartment)

27
Q

Skin Appendages include …

A

Sweat Glands

Sebaceous Glands

28
Q

_____ sweat glands deposit on the surface

A

Eccrine

29
Q

_____ sweat glands which deposit into the hair follicle

A

apocrine

30
Q

______ gland deposit its sebum into hair follicle

A

sebaceous

31
Q

_____ glands produce sebum, a mixture of lipids that form a film on the surface of skin

A

sebaceous

help waterproofing and lubrication

32
Q

The film produced by sebaceous glands includes fatty acids that creates acidic medium on skin called the _____

A

acid mantle

combines with other sources to produce low surface pH of 4.5-6.2

33
Q

Low SC pH important for …, both because of the effect of pH on the activity of certain enzymes.

A
  1. Orderly desquamation
  2. Creation of lipid lamellae
  3. Antimicrobial properties
34
Q

Purpose of Depilatory is for ..

A

hair removal

35
Q

Drug permeation across the skin is very low, it can take ___ for a drug to permeate the epidermis.

A

hours

36
Q

Transepidermal is through the …

A

epidermis

37
Q

Transappendageal is through the …

A

appendages

38
Q

Not all topical agents must permeate the skin to act, but for those that must permeate the skin, the most common routes are ____+ ____

A

Transepidermal and transappendageal

39
Q

The ______ route is the most important route for drug permeation through the skin. The drug must cross the SC and viable layers before reaching the dermis.

A

Transepidermal

40
Q

___ is the most significant barrier to drug permeation

A

SC

41
Q

_____ through the cells, drug must pass through protein-lipid cell membranes and relatively dry, protein loaded cells.

A

Transcellular

Relatively polar pathway, because of a partially hydrated protein matrix

42
Q

_____ between the cells, the drug must pass through the lipid lamellae (layers) that serve as the “sealant” for SC.

A

Paracellular

Ordered lipid layers are interspersed by water layers, but overall it is a non-polar pathway

43
Q

SC is a relatively (hydrophilic or lipophilic) barrier

A

lipophilic (means lipophilic drugs are favored)

44
Q

Viable layers (do or do not) have great barrier properties.

A

Do not!

easy for drugs to diffuse through once they permeate the SC

45
Q

After entering the appendages, the drug can further diffuse into viable epidermis and dermis since appendages are single-cell layered and this allows for the bypass of …

A

SC layer

46
Q

______ transport is not a significant pathway for drug transport.

A

Transappendageal

Because appendages cover a small fraction of skin surface area

DDS (29 decks)

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