4.3b - Kidney & Urine Analysis: Medical Applications

Question 1

What is the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?

Answer 1

• released by the pituitary gland
• it causes the nephrons to increase the reabsorption of water to go back into the blood stream

Question 2

Briefly describe diabetes.

from 4.4

Answer 2

• when the pancrease does not release enough insulin (which triggers the absorption of glucose), glucose accumulates in the blood
• this causes cells to become hypotontic
• water begins to exit the cells, affecting blood pressure and excessive urination

Question 3

Describe how urine testing works to help identify diabetes.

Answer 3

• these urine tests check for glucose and protein in urine
• a normal person should NOT have glucose in their urine. Same with proteins
• if proteins appear in urine, it could be a sign of kidney damage as large molecules (such as proteins) should not pass through into the filtrate in the nephron