2.1 - energy in biological systems

Question 1

Define energy

Answer 1

the ability to work

Question 2

Define kinetic energy

Answer 2

• The energy that is possessed by moving objects
• Energy that is seen

Question 3

Define potential energy

Answer 3

• Energy that is being stored for future use
• For biological systems: energy is stored in the bonds of molecules

Question 4

What is “useful” energy measured in?

Answer 4

Gibb’s Free Energy
(G) or (change in G)

Question 5

What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?
Describe it

Answer 5

Conservation of Energy
- energy is neither created or destroyed.
- It can only be converted from one form to another

Question 6

What is the 2st law of thermodynamics?
Describe it

Answer 6

Law of Entropy
- In any energy transfer, the amount of disorder or chaos (entropy) in the universe increase
- in an energy transfer, some of the energy is lost as heat and is the least useful & most disordered form of energy

Question 7

What are the two types of energy diagrams?

Answer 7

Endothermic and exothermic

Question 8

Endothermic rxns are equal to [____] rxns

Answer 8

Endothermic = anabolic

Question 9

Exothermic rxns are equal to [____] rxns

Answer 9

Exothermic = catabolic

Question 10

What is Adenosine Triphosate?

Answer 10

ATP

Question 11

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 11

Adenosine Triphosate

Question 12

What is phosporylation?

Answer 12

when a phosphate attatches to a molecule to mke it more energized/reactive

Question 13

What is energy coupling?

Answer 13

• when an endothermic rxn is paired with an exothermic rxn
• the energy released from one rxn is abosrbed by the other
• the difference is lost as heat
• ATP usually is responsible for this

Question 14

What are redox reactions?

Answer 14

Reactions that involve the movement of elections
LEO says GUR
Losing electrons is called oxidation
Gaining electrons is called reduction

atoms with low En wiil be oxidized, atoms with high En will be reduced