1.10 - Intro to Enzymes

Question 1

What are anabolic reactions?

Answer 1

reactions that build large molecules from small ones

Question 2

What are catabolic reactions?

Answer 2

reactions that break large molecues into small ones

Question 3

True or False:
Enzymes are not catalysts.

Answer 3

False.
Enzymes ARE catalysts.

Question 4

What is a substrate?

Answer 4

Reactants/ molecues that fit into enzymes to create a product

Question 5

What is an active site?

Answer 5

The part of an enzyme that molds to fit a substrate

Question 6

What is the Induced Model of Enzyme Function?
How does it work?

Answer 6

It describes the process of enzymes using substrates to make products.
1) Active site becomes avaliable to bind with subtrate
2) substrate binds with enzymes which change shape around them
3) reaction occurs
4) product is released, enzymes returns to original shape

see diagram in notes

Question 7

What is the main purpose of enzymes?

Answer 7

• to speed up reations (grabs hole of subtrates and forces them to react)
• the emzyme is shaped to hold the substrate so if it doesn’t fit, the reaction does not occur

Question 8

What is enzyme control?

Answer 8

turning enzymes on and off.
It’s important for our metabolism to control enzymes

Question 9

What is competitive inhibition?

Answer 9

When an inhibitor blocks active sites and “out competes” the substrate.
This inhibitor cuts off acess to the active site and looks similar to the substrate.
This can be reverable or irreverable

Question 10

What is non-competitive inhibition?

Answer 10

• when an inhibitor has it’s own active sites
• this blocks other active sites in the enzyme
• doesn’t need to compete to other smaller active site
• enzyme cannot complete the rxn when the inhibitor is attached

Question 11

What is allosteric enzyme control?

Answer 11

Its the processes of allosteric inhibition, allosteric activation, allosteric regulation, and non-competitive inhibition

Question 12

What is allosteric inhibition?

Answer 12

When an inhibitor binds to a seperate active site AND changes the shape of the enzyme, to make it harder for substrates to acess their active site

Question 13

What is allosteric activation?

Answer 13

When an activator binds in a seperate active site AND changes the shape of the enzyme, making it easier for substrates to bind with the enzyme

Question 14

What is allosteric regulation?

Answer 14

When the enzyme is able to switch from activated to de-activated states

Question 15

What are factors that affect enzyme efficiency?

what increases the rate of reaction?

Answer 15

• increasing enzymes
• increasing substrates
• neutral pH
• optimal temperature