3.6 - Overview of Gene Expression & Protein Sythenthesis

Question 1

What is the “central dogma of molecular genetics”?

Answer 1

• when you want to make a protein, you must epress a gene
• It’s a series of events that start with a gene and end with a protein

Question 2

What are the 2 major steps to protein synthesis?

Genetics

Answer 2

• transcription and translation

Question 3

What is transcription?

Genetics

Answer 3

• DNA is contructed into RNA
• the RNA is later used to make the proteins
• the DNA never leaves the cell, so it gets transcribed/copied as RNA inside the nucleus

Question 4

What are the 3 types of RNA

Answer 4

• mRNA: “messenger”; actually carries genetic information
• tRNA: “transfer’; carries amino acids to the ribosomes so that proteins can be assembled
• rRNA: “ribosomal”; used to make ribosomes

Question 5

What is translation?

Genetics

Answer 5

• ribosome reads DNA
• amino acids are brought to the ribosomes
• RNA base pairing becomes an amino acid sequence

Question 6

How many nucleotides is equivilent to one amio acid?

Answer 6

3 nucleotide

Question 7

What is a codon?

Answer 7

It’s the term for 3 nucleotides that make up one amino acid