Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY2013- Biological Psychology with Research Methods 2 > 4- Non-Declarative/Procedural Learning > Flashcards

4- Non-Declarative/Procedural Learning Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 types of non-associative learning?

A

Habituation and sensitisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a basic definition of habituation?

A

Becoming less sensitive to a particular stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the proper definition of habituation?

A

A decrease in strength/occurrence of a behaviour due to repeated exposure of a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a basic definition of sensitisation?

A

Repetitive exposure makes us increasingly sensitive to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the proper definition of sensitisation?

A

Increase in strength/occurrence of a behaviour due to exposure to an arousing/unpleasant situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms in habituation?

A

Adaptation- change in sensitivity of sensory receptor
Change of motor response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is do we need an objective understanding of habituation?

A

It is difficult to distinguish based on JUST behaviour, as this is subjective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What level do we need to observe habituation at?

A

Neuronal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is there a moral dilemma about animal research in learning?

A

Animals most similar to humans in terms of biology also have the most ethical implications associated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is studied to understand habituation?

A

The Aplysia Californica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was used to study the Aplysia Californica?

A

Few but giant neurons that could be isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the gill withdrawal reflex?

A

Stimulation of siphon leads to protective reflex to withdraw the gill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many neurons are involved in the gill withdrawal reflex?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How was the gill withdrawal reflex studied?

A

Measured neuronal activity while repeatedly eliciting the reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where was habituation occurring from studying the gill withdrawal reflex?

A

At the synapse between sensory and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happened to neurotransmitter release when studying the gill withdrawal reflex? (habituation)

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How did studying the gill withdrawal reflex demonstrate habituation?

A

Reflex response wasn’t different no matter how many times stimulation was repeated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How was sensitisation demonstrated experimentally?

A

Shocking the head to elicit the reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 3 neurons are involved in sensitisation?

A

LE- sensory neuron from siphon
L7- motor neuron from gill
L29- sensory neuron from head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was found from shocking the head to elicit the reflex?

A

Increased sensitisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do different neurons interact in sensitisation?

A

Sensory neuron dictates what happens at the motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is the gill withdrawal reflex different from the sensory experience of being shocked? (sensitisation)

A

Lasts longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What elicits the sensitisation mechanism?

A

An action potential arrives at terminal buttons of L29

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does L29 do when an action potential arrives at the terminal buttons? (sensitisation)

A

Releases serotonin

25
Q

Where does the serotonin releases by L29 go? (sensitisation)

A

Binds to receptors at terminal buttons of LE

26
Q

Why is the sensitisation reflex elongated?

A

It takes longer to process in order to activate G proteins

27
Q

What does serotonin binding allow cAMP molecular cascade to transform to? (sensitisation)

A

Protein kinase A

28
Q

Why does the reflex continue due to exposure to sodium increase? (sensitisation)

A

We will be feeling the effects for longer

29
Q

What does protein kinase A do? (sensitisation)

A

Blocks K+ channels at terminal buttons of LE

30
Q

Why are we experiencing this stimulus for longer? (sensitisation)

A

Potassium is being blocked

31
Q

What is caused by blocking of K+ channels? (sensitisation)

A

Prolonged action potentials at terminal buttons of LE

32
Q

What is caused by a longer action potential? (sensitisation)

A

Stronger influx of Ca2+

33
Q

What is caused by more calcium? (sensitisation)

A

More neurotransmitter release into synaptic cleft between sensory and motor neurons

34
Q

How is a stronger motor response caused? (sensitisation)

A

More postsynaptic action potentials caused by more neurotransmitter

35
Q

How is classical conditioning defined?

A

Association of an event causing measurable response to another stimulus

36
Q

How is classical conditioning contrasting to sensitisation?

A

States that any stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus

37
Q

How should the CS and US be paired in classical conditioning?

A

CS must co-occur or shortly precede US during pairing

38
Q

What are the 3 stages of classical conditioning?

A

Unconditional reflex: US –> UR, CS –> X
Pairing: CS + US –> UR
Conditional reflex: CS –> CR

39
Q

What is an example of classical conditioning in sensitisation?

A

(US) tail shock –> (UR) gill withdrawal

40
Q

Why does subthreshold siphon stimulation allow for sensitisation but not habituation?

A

It is not allowing another action potential to be generated

41
Q

When is there a higher amount of withdrawal time? (classical conditioning- sensitisation)

A

When CS and US are paired

42
Q

When is the UR stronger?

A

In sensitisation

43
Q

How does the biological mechanism of classical conditioning begin?

A

With an action potential from LE and serotonin from L29 in short succession

44
Q

Why does calcium increase? (classical conditioning)

A

Due to the action potential causing increased cAMP synthesis

45
Q

What is caused by cAMP synthesis? (classical conditioning)

A

Much more protein kinase A

46
Q

What does more protein kinase A cause? (classical conditioning)

A

Much more K+ channels blocked

47
Q

Why is a much stronger motor response produced? (classical conditioning)

A

Due to much more postsynaptic action potentials

48
Q

When does habituation occur?

A

After repetition of a stimulus

49
Q

How is habituation characterised?

A

Specific to the stimulus and the response

50
Q

What does habituation result in?

A

A decreased motor neuron response

51
Q

What duration can habituation occur for?

A

Can be long-lasting

52
Q

When does sensitisation occur?

A

Only after an unpleasant stimulus and after a single stimulus

53
Q

What characterises sensitisation?

A

General to a variety of stimuli and responses

54
Q

What does sensitisation result in?

A

Increased motor neuron response

55
Q

What is the duration typically of sensitisation?

A

Short-lived

56
Q

When does classical conditioning occur?

A

After repeated pairing of stimuli

57
Q

Is classical conditioning general or specific to stimuli and response?

A

Specific

58
Q

What does classical conditioning result in?

A

A stronger increased response of the motor neuron

59
Q

What duration can classical conditioning be?

A

Long-lasting

PSY2013- Biological Psychology with Research Methods 2 (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions