2- Facial Expressions of Emotions Flashcards
Why are facial expressions important?
They convey a lot of info about how we’re feeling and they allow us to communicate a lot
What did Ekman propose?
6 basic emotions each associated with certain facial expressions
Why is it clear that emotional expression is not culturally determined?
It can be expressed and recognised in very similar ways across cultures
What are Ekman’s 6 basic emotions?
- Fear
- Disgust
- Sadness
- Anger
- Happiness
- Surprise
Why does communicating emotions have a strong universal component?
Emotional messages can cross cultural barriers
Where did Ekman study emotions?
New Guinea
What happened in Ekman’s 5 culture study and what did they find?
Saw photos of American facial expressions and selected an emotional label
Found high accuracy across all cultures
What is the suggestion from 6 universal emotions?
Recognising emotions is intrinsic and does not need to be learnt
What is suggested by Ekman’s neurocultural emotion theory?
Emotional recognition/expression is largely universal and innate
What proves that culture does have an influence?
Display rules
What are ‘display rules’?
Rules based on cultural norms that vary across cultures
What does culture determine?
Events causing emotional experiences and ways to act on emotions
What are cultural differences in face recognition based on?
Attentional focus to different facial features
Why do some cultures focus on the eyes?
They are more genuine
Why do Western cultures focus on the mouth?
It is more overt
What did Darwin propose?
Emotional expression is innate
What is the evidence for emotional expression being innate?
From infants born deaf and blind showing normal emotional facial expressions
Why is the expression in deaf/blind children less refined?
As they lack practice and don’t benefit from feedback
Why did Ekman expand the list of basic emotions?
Recognised that there are more universal emotions
What may emotions involve as well as facial components?
Posture
What is simulation theory?
Activity has been recorded in facial muscles when viewing a face
What was found from simulation theory?
Brain systems for experiencing and recognising emotions overlap
What is the main evidence for simulation theory?
Botox injections (reduce muscular feedback by paralysing face muscles) reduce emotional perception ability
