1- Sleep Flashcards
What is the key problem with self-report vs biological measures of measuring sleep?
There are often differences between what people report and what biological measures find
What is the most accurate sleep measure?
Polysomnography
What does polysomnography measure and allow?
Measures physiological info and allows inferences about sleep stages
What is actigraphy?
A watch-like device that is worn at night and measures movements
What kind of measure is a sleep diary?
A method of self-report usually completed in the morning
What are the 2 main questionnaires for measuring sleep?
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index- measures sleep quality within the last month
Insomnia Sleep Index- measures insomnia
How do smartphone apps infer sleep?
Use high quality movement and sound sensors
How do sleep studies work?
Electrodes are used to allow researchers to measure electrophysical activity from the brain and from the face/eye muscles
What are EEG brain waves like when awake and why?
Beta waves- a lot of brain areas are active and beta waves are fast waves, high Hz, erratic waves
What are EEG brain waves like when we’re daydreaming/meditating and why?
Alpha waves- they are slower, deeper, and higher magnitude
What are EEG brain waves like in deep sleep and why?
Delta waves- slowest waves, low Hz, high amplitude
What are Hz?
Waves per second
What is brain activity like in the waking stage?
Alpha and beta waves
What is stage 1 of sleep like?
NREM sleep that consists of theta activity
What does stage 2 of sleep involve?
Sleep spindles and K complexes
What is stage 3 of sleep like?
Slow wave sleep that consists of delta activity
How is REM sleep characterised (brain activity)?
Consisting of theta and beta waves, brain areas same as when awake
When are people more likely to report dreaming?
In REM sleep
As sleep goes on, what is there more and less of?
More REM sleep, less deep sleep
How long does the sleep cycle last?
About 90 minutes
What does the brain quickly prioritise when first falling asleep?
Getting into stage 3/4 deep sleep
What 4 physiological changes are in REM sleep?
- Fast, desynchronised EEG pattern
- Heart rate increases
- Body muscles paralysed
- Rapid eye movements
Why is it helpful that body muscles are paralysed in REM sleep?
So we don’t actually act out our dreams
What was found in relation to when participants reported more dreams?
More when woken in REM sleep than in slow wave sleep
Do all mammals sleep?
Yes but vary a lot in time sleeping
How often are circadian rhythms?
Every 24 hours
What is a key example of circadian rhythms?
Sleep-wake cycle
How often are infradian rhythms?
Less than once a day
What is a key example of an infradian rhythm?
Menstrual cycle
How often are ultradian rhythms?
More than once a day
What is a key example of an ultradian rhythm?
Dream cycles
