1- Sleep

Question 1

What is the key problem with self-report vs biological measures of measuring sleep?

Answer 1

There are often differences between what people report and what biological measures find

Question 2

What is the most accurate sleep measure?

Answer 2

Polysomnography

Question 3

What does polysomnography measure and allow?

Answer 3

Measures physiological info and allows inferences about sleep stages

Question 4

What is actigraphy?

Answer 4

A watch-like device that is worn at night and measures movements

Question 5

What kind of measure is a sleep diary?

Answer 5

A method of self-report usually completed in the morning

Question 6

What are the 2 main questionnaires for measuring sleep?

Answer 6

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index- measures sleep quality within the last month
Insomnia Sleep Index- measures insomnia

Question 7

How do smartphone apps infer sleep?

Answer 7

Use high quality movement and sound sensors

Question 8

How do sleep studies work?

Answer 8

Electrodes are used to allow researchers to measure electrophysical activity from the brain and from the face/eye muscles

Question 9

What are EEG brain waves like when awake and why?

Answer 9

Beta waves- a lot of brain areas are active and beta waves are fast waves, high Hz, erratic waves

Question 10

What are EEG brain waves like when we’re daydreaming/meditating and why?

Answer 10

Alpha waves- they are slower, deeper, and higher magnitude

Question 11

What are EEG brain waves like in deep sleep and why?

Answer 11

Delta waves- slowest waves, low Hz, high amplitude

Question 12

What are Hz?

Answer 12

Waves per second

Question 13

What is brain activity like in the waking stage?

Answer 13

Alpha and beta waves

Question 14

What is stage 1 of sleep like?

Answer 14

NREM sleep that consists of theta activity

Question 15

What does stage 2 of sleep involve?

Answer 15

Sleep spindles and K complexes

Question 16

What is stage 3 of sleep like?

Answer 16

Slow wave sleep that consists of delta activity

Question 17

How is REM sleep characterised (brain activity)?

Answer 17

Consisting of theta and beta waves, brain areas same as when awake

Question 18

When are people more likely to report dreaming?

Answer 18

In REM sleep

Question 19

As sleep goes on, what is there more and less of?

Answer 19

More REM sleep, less deep sleep

Question 20

How long does the sleep cycle last?

Answer 20

About 90 minutes

Question 21

What does the brain quickly prioritise when first falling asleep?

Answer 21

Getting into stage 3/4 deep sleep

Question 22

What 4 physiological changes are in REM sleep?

Answer 22

1. Fast, desynchronised EEG pattern
2. Heart rate increases
3. Body muscles paralysed
4. Rapid eye movements

Question 23

Why is it helpful that body muscles are paralysed in REM sleep?

Answer 23

So we don’t actually act out our dreams

Question 24

What was found in relation to when participants reported more dreams?

Answer 24

More when woken in REM sleep than in slow wave sleep

Question 25

Do all mammals sleep?

Answer 25

Yes but vary a lot in time sleeping

Question 26

How often are circadian rhythms?

Answer 26

Every 24 hours

Question 27

What is a key example of circadian rhythms?

Answer 27

Sleep-wake cycle

Question 28

How often are infradian rhythms?

Answer 28

Less than once a day

Question 29

What is a key example of an infradian rhythm?

Answer 29

Menstrual cycle

Question 30

How often are ultradian rhythms?

Answer 30

More than once a day

Question 31

What is a key example of an ultradian rhythm?

Answer 31

Dream cycles