1- Why do we Sleep?

Question 1

What are the 7 possible effects of sleep deprivation?

Answer 1

• Fatigue
• Irritability
• Poor task performance when requiring concentration
• Memory problems
• Hallucinations
• Personality changes
• Rebound sleep

Question 2

What is rebound sleep?

Answer 2

Amount of extra sleep we have when we get to sleep after deprivation

Question 3

What do issues coming from sleep deprivation suggest?

Answer 3

That sleep is important for our brain health

Question 4

What is suggested by the fact that we don’t fully catch up on missed sleep?

Answer 4

Suggests that some sleep is essential and other sleep is a behavioural choice

Question 5

What kind of drive is sleep?

Answer 5

An insistent drive needed by all animals

Question 6

How have people tried to observe sleep function?

Answer 6

By looking at what happens when we don’t sleep

Question 7

Why aren’t sleep deprivation studies really conducted anymore?

Answer 7

They are now considered unethical

Question 8

Is there an antidote for sleep?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

What does avoiding sleep create?

Answer 9

More sleepiness and more sleep onsets

Question 10

Is body restitution dependent on sleep?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

How was body restitution in relation to sleep investigated?

Answer 11

Creating exercise and no exercise conditions and no difference between groups was found based on psychological battery and subjective rating scales

Question 12

Is brain restitution dependent on sleep?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What kind of sleep does more brain work create?

Answer 13

More slow-wave sleep

Question 14

What problem does less sleep create?

Answer 14

Cognitive decline

Question 15

What kind of damage is created from sleep deprivation?

Answer 15

Neurodevelopmental damage

Question 16

Can someone have immunity or an antidote to sleep loss?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What determines the amount of slow-wave sleep?

Answer 17

Length of prior wakefulness

Question 18

What kind of behaviour is sleep from an evolutionary perspective?

Answer 18

Behaviour selected for over many generations

Question 19

How is species survival enhanced by the evolution of sleep?

Answer 19

Sleep keeps animals hidden and safe

Question 20

What does Horne suggest that humans use sleep for and relaxed wakefulness for?

Answer 20

Sleep for brain repair and relaxed wakefulness for body repair

Question 21

What are the two types of sleep in Horne’s sleep theory?

Answer 21

Core sleep and optional sleep

Question 22

When does core sleep occur?

Answer 22

In the first three cycles

Question 23

What does core sleep consist mainly of?

Answer 23

Stages 3 and 4 slow wave sleep

Question 24

What is the function of core sleep?

Answer 24

Cerebral restitution

Question 25

When does optional sleep occur?

Answer 25

In the second half of sleep

Question 26

Is optional sleep made up in rebound sleep?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Why does optional sleep occur?

Answer 27

Due to a behavioural drive to sleep

Question 28

What is optional sleep a source of?

Answer 28

Individual variability

Question 29

Is core sleep vital?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Is optional sleep vital?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

How does the amount of sleep we need change as we get older?

Answer 31

Need less sleep with age

Question 32

How does REM sleep change throughout the lifespan?

Answer 32

Declines with age and then increases again

Question 33

Why do infants need lots of sleep?

Answer 33

Due to brain growth

Question 34

What can REM deprivation in infancy cause?

Answer 34

Developmental abnormalities

Question 35

What is ‘autostimulation theory’?

Answer 35

REM activates synapses

Question 36

How does sleep duration change from childhood into adolescence?

Answer 36

Reduces

Question 37

How does slow-wave and EEG sleep activity change from childhood to adolescence?

Answer 37

Slow-wave activity moves to posterior to anterior brain regions
EEG activity coherence increases

Question 38

What does the change in sleep brain activity into adolescence reflect?

Answer 38

The brain maturing and information processing