38b. English to Latin Flashcards
- My friend who defended the consul was himself a very famous man.
- Amīcus meus quī cōnsulem dēfendit ipse erat vir clārissimus.
- But there was no one who would defend that base fellow.
- At nēmō erat quī istum hominem turpem dēfenderet.
6a. In 5 the quī … dēfendit states a fact about the amīcus; it does not describe his character. In 6 the subjunctive clause tells what kind of person the imagined nēmō might be.
6a. Analyze each sentence and explain how they are different in force: 5. Amīcus meus quī cōnsulem dēfendit ipse erat vir clārissimus. 6. At nēmō erat quī istum hominem turpem dēfenderet.
- What is there which men fear more than a tyrant?
- Quid est quod virī plūs metuant quam tyrannum?
7a. metunat = pres. subj.; characteristic.
7a Quid est quod virī plūs metuant quam tyrannum? Explain the syntax of metuant.
- Who is there who would hesitate between liberty and the command of a tyrant?
- Quis est quī inter libertātem et imperium tyrannī dubitet?
8a. dubitet = pres. subjunct.; characteristic.
8a. Quis est quī inter libertātem et imperium tyrannī dubitet? Explain the syntax of dubitet
- At ancient Rome there were those who loved money more than the state.
- Rōmae antīquae erant quī pecūniam plūs quam rem pūblicam amārent.
9a. (a) Rōmae = locative; place where; (b) amārent = impf. subjunct.: characteristic.
9a. Rōmae antīquae erant quī pecūniam plūs quam rem pūblicam amārent. Explain the syntax of (a) Rōmae (b) amārent
- Let that evil man depart from his country—he who has endured the hatred of all citizens.
- Abeat ā patriā iste homō malus quī odium omnium cīvium bonōrum passus est.
10a. (a) abeat = pres. subjunct.; jussive; (b) passus est = perf. indic., relative clause of fact.
10a Abeat ā patriā iste homō malus quī odium omnium cīvium bonōrum passus est. Explain the syntax of (a) abeat (b) passus est.
- Catiline, who had made such a great plot against the state, was driven from the city by Cicero.
- Catilīna (= Catiline), quī tantās īnsidiās contrā rem pūblicam fēcerat, ex urbe ā Cicerōne expulsus est.
11a. fēcerat = pluperf. indic.; relative clause of fact.
11a Catilīna (= Catiline), quī tantās īnsidiās contrā rem pūblicam fēcerat, ex urbe ā Cicerōne expulsus est. Explain the syntax of fēcerat.
- What life can be pleasant for that leader as he goes off into exile?
- Istī ducī in exsilium abeuntī quae vīta potest esse iūcunda?
12a (a) ducī = dative of reference; (b) potest = pres. indic.; main verb in a direct question.
12a Istī ducī in exsilium abeuntī quae vīta potest esse iūcunda? Explain the syntax of (a) ducī (b) potest.
- Who is there who would be able to bear such pain?
- Quis est quī tantum dolōrem ferre possit?
13a possit = pres. subjunct.; characteristic.
13a Quis est quī tantum dolōrem ferre possit? Explain the syntax of possit.
- If a person is not agreeable and good, he will not live a truly happy life, it seems to me.
- Nisi quis iūcundus bonusque erit, vītam vērē fēlīcem mihi nōn vīvet.
14a. (a) erit = fut. indic; simple future condition; (b) mihi = dative of reference.
14a Nisi quis iūcundus bonusque erit, vītam vērē fēlīcem mihi nōn vīvet. Explain the syntax of (a) erit (b) mihi.
- They will not trust a consul who would do base deeds
- Cōnsulī nōn crēdent quī opera turpia faciat.
15a. cōnsulī = dative with special verbs.
15a Cōnsulī nōn crēdent quī opera turpia faciat. Explain the syntax of Cōnsulī.
- Do not trust a man who is harsh to his friends.
- Nōlī crēdere eī quī sit acerbus amīcīs.
16a. amīcīs = dative with special verbs.
16a Nōlī crēdere eī quī sit acerbus amīcīs. Explain the syntax of amīcīs
- Cicero was a consul who would place the state before his own safety.
- Cicerō erat cōnsul quī rem pūblicam salūtī suae antepōneret.
17a. (a) salūtī = dative with a compound verb. (b) antepōneret = impf. subjunct.; characteristic
17a Cicerō erat cōnsul quī rem pūblicam salūtī suae antepōneret. Explain the syntax of (a) salūtī (b) antepōneret.
- They knew why we wanted to follow such a brave consul.
- Scīvērunt quārē cōnsulem tam fortem sequī vellēmus.
18a. vellēmus = impf. subjunct.; indirect question
18a Scīvērunt quārē cōnsulem tam fortem sequī vellēmus. Explain the syntax of vellēmus.
- I know nothing which could be easier for me.
- Nihil sciō quod mihi facilius esse possit.
19a. (a) mihi = dative of reference; (b) possit = pres. subjunct.; characteristic
19a Nihil sciō quod mihi facilius esse possit. Explain the syntax of (a) mihi (b) possit.
- I am seeking a leader whom all men would praise.
- Ducem quaerō quem omnēs laudent.
- They were going to Rome to ask for freedom.
- Rōmam ībant rogātum lībertātem.
21a. rogātum = acc. supine; purpose.
21a Rōmam ībant rogātum lībertātem. Explain the syntax of rogātum
- The Romans, who had captured ten Greek republics with their own armies, were themselve—amazing to say—taken captive by the Greek arts!
- Rōmānī, quī decem rēs pūblicās Graecās exercitibus suīs cēperant, ipsī—mīrābile dictū—Graecīs artibus captīsunt!
22a. (a) cēperant = pluperf. indic.; rel. clause of fact; (b) dictū = abl. supine; respect
22a Rōmānī, quī decem rēs pūblicās Graecās exercitibus suīs cēperant, ipsī—mīrābile dictū—Graecīs artibus captīsunt! Explain the syntax of (a) cēperant (b) dictū.
- For the ancient men there was nothing which was better than courage and wisdom.
- Virīs antīquīs nihil erat quod melius esset quam virtūs et sapientia.
23a virīs = dative of reference
23a Virīs antīquīs nihil erat quod melius esset quam virtūs et sapientia. Explain the syntax of virīs.
- Nothing is to feared which cannot injure the soul.
- Nihil metuendum est quod animō nocēre nōn possit.
24a animō = (a) dative with special verbs; (b) possit = pres. subjunct.; characteristic.
24a Nihil metuendum est quod animō nocēre nōn possit. Explain the syntax of (a) animō (b) possit.
