33a. Latin to English

Question 1

1. What form of the verb is found in the both clauses of a future less vivid condition?

Answer 1

1. The present subjunctive.

Question 2

1a. Explain why this construction is called “less vivid” as compared with the simple future (or “future more vivid”)

Answer 2

1a. The subjunctive condition is ideal rather than factual, and describes circumstances that are somewhat less likely to be realized or less vividly imagined (p. 274).

Question 3

2. Name the specific type of condition (A) that has the imperfect subjunctive in both clauses and (B) that has the pluperfect subjunctive in both clauses.

Answer 3

2. A. Present contrary to fact; B. past contrary to fact.

Question 4

2b. In the present and past contrary to fact conditions which part of the sentence is essentially the same in both Latin and English?

Answer 4

2b. the conditional clause

Question 5

3. What is the regular negative of the conditional clause in Latin.

Answer 5

3. nisi

Question 6

4. What type of Latin condition is translated by “should … would” and hence can be called a “should-would condition?”

Answer 6

4. the future less vivid condition

Question 7

5. What is the meaning of quis, quid after sī, nisi, nē, and num?

Answer 7

5. anyone, anything; someone, something.

Question 8

6. Sī ratiō dūcit, fēlīx es. (identify the condition)

Answer 8

6. If reason leads, you (sg.) are happy. (simple present)

Question 9

7. Sī ratiō dūcet, fēlīx eris. (identify the condition)

Answer 9

7. If reason leads, you (sg.) would have been happy. (simple future)

Question 10

8. Sī ratiō dūcat, fēlīx sīs. (identify the condition)

Answer 10

8. If reason should lead, you (sg.) would be happy. (future less vivid)

Question 11

9. Sī ratiō dūceret, fēlīx essēs. (identify the condition)

Answer 11

9. If reason were leading, you (sg.) would be happy. (present contrary to fact)

Question 12

10. Sī ratiō dūxisset, fēlīx fuissēs. (identify the condition)

Answer 12

10. If reason had led, you (sg.) would have been happy. (past contrary to fact)

Question 13

11. Sī pecūniam amās, sapientiā carēs.

Answer 13

11. If you (sg.) love money, you lack wisdom.

Question 14

12. Sī pecūniam amābis, sapientiā carēbis.

Answer 14

12. If you (sg.) love money, you will lack wisdom.

Question 15

13. Sī pecūniam amēs, sapientiā carēas.

Answer 15

13. If you (sg.) should love money, you would lack wisdom.

Question 16

14. Sī pecūniam amārēs, sapientiā carēbis.

Answer 16

14. If you (sg.) were in love with money, you would lack wisdom.

Question 17

15. Sī pecūniam amāvissēs, sapientiā caruissēs.

Answer 17

15. If you (sg.) had loved money, you would have lacked wisdom.

Question 18

16. Si vēritātem quaerimus, scientiam invēnimus.

Answer 18

16. If we seek the truth, we find knowledge.

Question 19

17. Si vēritātem quaerēmus, scientiam invēniēmus.

Answer 19

17. If we seek the truth, we shall find knowledge.

Question 20

18. Si vēritātem quaerāmus, scientiam invēniāmus.

Answer 20

18. If we should seek the truth, we would find knowledge.

Question 21

19. Si vēritātem quaererēmus, scientiam invēnīrēmus.

Answer 21

19. If we were seeking the truth, we would find knowledge.

Question 22

20. Si vēritātem quaesīvissēmus, scientiam invēnissēmus.

Answer 22

20. If we had sought the truth, we would have found knowledge.

Question 23

21. Nisī īram vitābitis, duōs amīcōs āmittētis. (identify the condition)

Answer 23

21. If you do not avoid anger, you would lose your two friends. (simple future)

Question 24

22. Nisī īram vitāvissētis, quīnque amīcōs āmīsissētis. (identify the condition)

Answer 24

22. If you had not avoided anger, you would have lost your five friends. (past contrary to fact)

Question 25

23. Nisī īram vitētis, multōs amīcōs āmittātis. (identify the condition)

Answer 25

23. If you should not avoid anger (if you should fail to avoid anger), you would lose many friends. (future less vivid)

Question 26

24. Nisī īram vitārētis, multōs amīcōs āmitterētis. (identify the condition)

Answer 26

24. If you were not avoiding anger, you would be losing many friends. (present contrary to fact)

Question 27

25. Nisī īram vitātis, multōs amīcōs āmittitis. (identify the condition)

Answer 27

25. If you do not avoid anger, you are losing many friends. (simple present)

Question 28

26. Nisī īram vitāvistis, multōs amīcōs āmīsistis. (identify the condition)

Answer 28

26. If you did not avoid anger, you lost many friends. (simple past)

Question 29

27. Sī quis bonōs mōrēs habet, eum laudāmus.

Answer 29

27. If anyone has a good character, we praise him.

Question 30

28. Sī quis bonōs mōrēs habuisset, eum laudāvissēmus.

Answer 30

28. If anyone had a good character, we would have praised him.

Question 31

29. Sī quis bonōs mōrēs habeat, eum laudēmus.

Answer 31

29. If anyone should have a good character, we would praise him.

Question 32

30. Sī quis bonōs mōrēs habuit, eum laudāvimus (laudābāmus).

Answer 32

30. If anyone had a good character, we praised him (used to praise him).

Question 33

31. Sī quis bonōs mōrēs habēret, eum laudārāmus.

Answer 33

31. If anyone we in possession of a good character, we would praise him.

Question 34

32. Sī quis bonōs mōrēs habēbit, eum laudābimus.

Answer 34

32. If anyone has a good character, we shall praise him.

Question 35

33. Sī istī vincent, discēdēmus.

Answer 35

33. If those men win, we shall depart.

Question 36

34. Sī istī vincant, discēdāmus.

Answer 36

34. If those men would win, we would depart.

Question 37

35. Sī istī vīcissent, discessissēmus.

Answer 37

35. If those men had won, we would have departed.

Question 38

36. Sī librōs bene lēgissēs, melius scrīpsissēs.

Answer 38

36. If you had read books well, you would have written better.

Question 39

37. Sī librōs bene legēs, melius scrībēs.

Answer 39

37. If you read books well, you will write better.

Question 40

38. Sī librōs bene legās, melius scrībās.

Answer 40

38. If you should read books well, you would write better.