38a. Latin to English

Question 1

1. What does a relative clause with the indicative tell about its antecedent?

Answer 1

1. A relative clause with the indicative tells us a FACT about the antecedent.

Question 2

2. What does a relative clause with the subjunctive tell about its antecedent, and what is the nature of the antecedent?

Answer 2

2. A relative clause with the subjunctive tells us a CHARACTERISTIC of the antecedent; it indicates it to be a person or thing or such a sort.

Question 3

3. What is the basic difference between the dative of indirect object and the dative of reference?

Answer 3

3. The dative of reference indicates a person or thing (a) to whom a statement refers, (b) from whose perspective it is trure, (c) to whom it is of special interest.

Question 4

4a. How are supines formed?

Answer 4

4. Supines are defective fourth declension nouns formed from the perfect passive participle.

Question 5

4b. How is a supine in the accusative used?

Answer 5

4b. In the singular accusative the supine is used with a verb of motion to indicate purpose. eg. ībant Rōmam rogātum pecūniam (“they were going to Rome to ask for money.”)

Question 6

4c. How is a supine in the ablative used?

Answer 6

4c. in the ablative singular the supine is used with certain adjectives to indicate in what respect a particular quality is applicable. eg. mīrābile dictū (“amazing to say”)

Question 7

5. Amīcus meus quī cōnsulem dēfendit ipse erat vir clārissimus.

Answer 7

5. My friend who defended the consul was himself a very famous man.

Question 8

6. At nēmō erat quī istum hominem turpem dēfenderet.

Answer 8

6. But there was no one who would defend that base fellow.

Question 9

6a. Analyze each sentence and explain how they are different in force: 5. Amīcus meus quī cōnsulem dēfendit ipse erat vir clārissimus. 6. At nēmō erat quī istum hominem turpem dēfenderet.

Answer 9

6a. In 5 the quī … dēfendit states a fact about the amīcus; it does not describe his character. In 6 the subjunctive clause tells what kind of person the imagined nēmō might be.

Question 10

7. Quid est quod virī plūs metuant quam tyrannum?

Answer 10

7. What is there which men fear more than a tyrant?

Question 11

7a Quid est quod virī plūs metuant quam tyrannum? Explain the syntax of metuant.

Answer 11

7a. metunat = pres. subj.; characteristic.

Question 12

8. Quis est quī inter libertātem et imperium tyrannī dubitet?

Answer 12

8. Who is there who would hesitate between liberty and the command of a tyrant?

Question 13

8a. Quis est quī inter libertātem et imperium tyrannī dubitet? Explain the syntax of dubitet

Answer 13

8a. dubitet = pres. subjunct.; characteristic.

Question 14

9. Rōmae antīquae erant quī pecūniam plūs quam rem pūblicam amārent.

Answer 14

9. At ancient Rome there were those who loved money more than the state.

Question 15

9a. Rōmae antīquae erant quī pecūniam plūs quam rem pūblicam amārent. Explain the syntax of (a) Rōmae (b) amārent

Answer 15

9a. (a) Rōmae = locative; place where; (b) amārent = impf. subjunct.: characteristic.

Question 16

10. Abeat ā patriā iste homō malus quī odium omnium cīvium bonōrum passus est.

Answer 16

10. Let that evil man depart from his country—he who has endured the hatred of all citizens.

Question 17

10a Abeat ā patriā iste homō malus quī odium omnium cīvium bonōrum passus est. Explain the syntax of (a) abeat (b) passus est.

Answer 17

10a. (a) abeat = pres. subjunct.; jussive; (b) passus est = perf. indic., relative clause of fact.

Question 18

11. Catilīna (= Catiline), quī tantās īnsidiās contrā rem pūblicam fēcerat, ex urbe ā Cicerōne expulsus est.

Answer 18

11. Catiline, who had made such a great plot against the state, was driven from the city by Cicero.

Question 19

11a Catilīna (= Catiline), quī tantās īnsidiās contrā rem pūblicam fēcerat, ex urbe ā Cicerōne expulsus est. Explain the syntax of fēcerat.

Answer 19

11a. fēcerat = pluperf. indic.; relative clause of fact.

Question 20

12. Istī ducī in exsilium abeuntī quae vīta potest esse iūcunda?

Answer 20

12. What life can be pleasant for that leader as he goes off into exile?

Question 21

12a Istī ducī in exsilium abeuntī quae vīta potest esse iūcunda? Explain the syntax of (a) ducī (b) potest.

Answer 21

12a (a) ducī = dative of reference; (b) potest = pres. indic.; main verb in a direct question.

Question 22

13. Quis est quī tantum dolōrem ferre possit?

Answer 22

13. Who is there who would be able to bear such pain?

Question 23

13a Quis est quī tantum dolōrem ferre possit? Explain the syntax of possit.

Answer 23

13a possit = pres. subjunct.; characteristic.

Question 24

14. Nisi quis iūcundus bonusque erit, vītam vērē fēlīcem mihi nōn vīvet.

Answer 24

14. If a person is not agreeable and good, he will not live a truly happy life, it seems to me.

Question 25

14a Nisi quis iūcundus bonusque erit, vītam vērē fēlīcem mihi nōn vīvet. Explain the syntax of (a) erit (b) mihi.

Answer 25

14a. (a) erit = fut. indic; simple future condition; (b) mihi = dative of reference.

Question 26

15. Cōnsulī nōn crēdent quī opera turpia faciat.

Answer 26

15. They will not trust a consul who would do base deeds

Question 27

15a Cōnsulī nōn crēdent quī opera turpia faciat. Explain the syntax of Cōnsulī.

Answer 27

15a. cōnsulī = dative with special verbs.

Question 28

16. Nōlī crēdere eī quī sit acerbus amīcīs.

Answer 28

16. Do not trust a man who is harsh to his friends.

Question 29

16a Nōlī crēdere eī quī sit acerbus amīcīs. Explain the syntax of amīcīs

Answer 29

16a. amīcīs = dative with special verbs.

Question 30

17. Cicerō erat cōnsul quī rem pūblicam salūtī suae antepōneret.

Answer 30

17. Cicero was a consul who would place the state before his own safety.

Question 31

17a Cicerō erat cōnsul quī rem pūblicam salūtī suae antepōneret. Explain the syntax of (a) salūtī (b) antepōneret.

Answer 31

17a. (a) salūtī = dative with a compound verb. (b) antepōneret = impf. subjunct.; characteristic

Question 32

18. Scīvērunt quārē cōnsulem tam fortem sequī vellēmus.

Answer 32

18. They knew why we wanted to follow such a brave consul.

Question 33

18a Scīvērunt quārē cōnsulem tam fortem sequī vellēmus. Explain the syntax of vellēmus.

Answer 33

18a. vellēmus = impf. subjunct.; indirect question

Question 34

19. Nihil sciō quod mihi facilius esse possit.

Answer 34

19. I know nothing which could be easier for me.

Question 35

19a Nihil sciō quod mihi facilius esse possit. Explain the syntax of (a) mihi (b) possit.

Answer 35

19a. (a) mihi = dative of reference; (b) possit = pres. subjunct.; characteristic

Question 36

20. Ducem quaerō quem omnēs laudent.

Answer 36

20. I am seeking a leader whom all men would praise.

Question 37

21. Rōmam ībant rogātum lībertātem.

Answer 37

21. They were going to Rome to ask for freedom.

Question 38

21a Rōmam ībant rogātum lībertātem. Explain the syntax of rogātum

Answer 38

21a. rogātum = acc. supine; purpose.

Question 39

22. Rōmānī, quī decem rēs pūblicās Graecās exercitibus suīs cēperant, ipsī—mīrābile dictū—Graecīs artibus captīsunt!

Answer 39

22. The Romans, who had captured ten Greek republics with their own armies, were themselve—amazing to say—taken captive by the Greek arts!

Question 40

22a Rōmānī, quī decem rēs pūblicās Graecās exercitibus suīs cēperant, ipsī—mīrābile dictū—Graecīs artibus captīsunt! Explain the syntax of (a) cēperant (b) dictū.

Answer 40

22a. (a) cēperant = pluperf. indic.; rel. clause of fact; (b) dictū = abl. supine; respect

Question 41

23. Virīs antīquīs nihil erat quod melius esset quam virtūs et sapientia.

Answer 41

23. For the ancient men there was nothing which was better than courage and wisdom.

Question 42

23a Virīs antīquīs nihil erat quod melius esset quam virtūs et sapientia. Explain the syntax of virīs.

Answer 42

23a virīs = dative of reference

Question 43

24. Nihil metuendum est quod animō nocēre nōn possit.

Answer 43

24. Nothing is to feared which cannot injure the soul.

Question 44

24a Nihil metuendum est quod animō nocēre nōn possit. Explain the syntax of (a) animō (b) possit.

Answer 44

24a animō = (a) dative with special verbs; (b) possit = pres. subjunct.; characteristic.