3.3.9.2 Acylation

Question 1

Why is ethanoic anhydride used over ethanoyl chloride in the production of aspirin?

Answer 1

HCl is not produced so it does not need to be disposed of
It is cheaper
It is less corrosive

Question 2

What is an acyl group?

Answer 2

R
|
C = O
|
Z

Question 3

What is acylation?

Answer 3

The process of adding an acyl group to another molecule

Question 4

What is an ethanoyl?

Answer 4

R
|
C = O
|
CH3

Question 5

What does the substitution of an acyl group depend on?

Answer 5

The size of the positive charge on the carbon which depends on the attracting power of Z
How easily the Z group (leaving group) is lost
How good the nucleophile is

Question 6

What is the structure of an anhydride?

Answer 6

See card

Question 7

How does a nucleophile react with an acid derivative?

Answer 7

The leaving group is replaced by the lone pair of the nucleophile
A hydrogen atom is then lost from the nucleophile
This is called an addition - elimination reaction

Question 8

What is the mechanism for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and water?

Answer 8

See card