3.3.2.3 Combustion of alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

Which alkanes undergo incomplete combustion when burnt?

A

Alkanes in a short supply of oxygen
Longer chain hydrocarbons as they need more oxygen to burn
Cyclohexanes - due to C:H ratio

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2
Q

Which alkanes form undergo complete combustion when burnt?

A

Shorter chain alkanes

E.g. methane, paraffin, propane

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3
Q

What are the harmful products when hydrocarbon-based fuels burn?

A
Carbon monoxide - CO
Nitrogen oxides - NO, NO2, N2O4
Sulfur dioxide - produced from sulfur impurities
Carbon particulates - soot
Unburnt hydrocarbons - greenhouse gases
Carbon dioxide - greenhouse gas
Water vapour - greenhouse gas
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4
Q

What is flue gas desulfurisation?

A

Coal or natural gas contains sulfur compounds
When these are burnt, sulfur dioxide is released which combines with oxygen and water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid
Gases given out by a power station is called flue gas
Removing sulfur from this = flue gas desulfurisation

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5
Q

What are some methods of flue gas desulfurisation?

A

Adding calcium oxide and water
This reacts with calcium oxide and water to form calcium sulfite
This can be further oxidised to calcium sulfate (CaSO4.2H2O)

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6
Q

What are catalytic converters?

A

A honeycomb made of a ceramic material coated with platinum and rhodium metals (catalysts)
Honeycomb provides a large surface area
As polluting gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, unburnt hydrocarbons) pass over the catalyst, they react with each other to form less harmful products

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7
Q

Why is carbon monoxide a pollutant?

A

A toxic gas that prevents oxygen from being transported by red blood cells

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8
Q

Why are sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxides pollutants?

A

Acidic gases that cause air pollution and acid rain
Both are associated with respiratory problems
NO is recognised as an asthma trigger

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9
Q

Why are carbon particulates pollutants?

A

It can damage lung tissue and cause increased reflection of sunlight which causes global dimming

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10
Q

Why are unburnt alkanes and nitogen oxides pollutants?

A

They react in the presence of sunlight to produce a mixture of secondary pollutants known as photochemical smog. One secondary pollutant is ozone which damages the lungs and eyes

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11
Q

What reactions are caused by catalytic converters?

A

2CO + 2NO = N2 + 2CO3

Catalyses the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons to CO2 and H2O

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