3.1.3.6 Bond Polarity

Question 1

What is electronegativity?

Answer 1

The ability of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 2

What does electronegativity depend on?

Answer 2

Nuclear charge
Inner shielding
Distance factor

Question 3

Why are smaller atoms more likely to attract electrons?

Answer 3

Because the nucleus is closer to the outer shell and so the larger the attractive force and the bigger the electronegativity

Question 4

How does electronegativity change on the periodic table?

Answer 4

Left to right: electronegativity increases

Up to down: electronegativity decreases

Question 5

What is the most electronegative element?

Answer 5

Fluorine

Question 6

What group of the periodic table doesn’t have an electronegativity?

Answer 6

Group 0: the noble gases

Question 7

What is the continuum?

Answer 7

Which one atom is more electronegative, the electrons are drawn closer within the bond to the one with the higher electronegativity

Question 8

What are the electronegativity ranges for the type of covalent bond?

Answer 8

Non-covalent (ionic): 2 +
Nonpolar covalent: 0.0 - 0.3
Polar covalent: 0.4 - 2.0

Question 9

What is bond polarity?

Answer 9

How electrons are shared between two atoms in a covalent bond due to the difference in electronegativities

Question 10

What factors increase polarisation?

Answer 10

For positive ions: small size, high charge

For negative ions: large size, high charge