3.2.5.3 Shapes of Complex Ions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of an ion with a co-ordinate number of six?

A

Octahedral

e.g. [Co(NH3)6]3+

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2
Q

What is the shape of the ion with a co-ordinate number of four?

A

Tetrahedral, e.g. [CoCl4]2-
Or some ions are square planar (flat rhombus shape)
e.g. [NiCN4]2-

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3
Q

What does an octahedral shape look like?

A

Six points with eight faces

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4
Q

What is the difference in size between Cl-, NH3 and H2O as ligands?

A

Cl- is larger

NH3 and H2O are similar in size

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5
Q

What are the effects of chlorine being a bigger ligand?

A

Fewer ligands can get around the central atom

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6
Q

What is Tollens reagent?

A

[Ag(NH3)2]+
Aldehydes reduce it to Ag while ketones do not
A silver mirror is formed
It is a linear molecule: H3N —> N

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7
Q

What are the four main shapes of transition metal complexes?

A

Linear: — M —
Tetrahedral: two straight, one dotted, one wedge
Square planar: two dotted, two wedges
Octahedral: two straight, two dotted, two wedges

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8
Q

What is the type of isomerism in transition metal complexes?

A
Geometric isomers (EZ)
Optical isomers
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9
Q

Why do transition metal complexes experience geometrical isomerism?

A

The monodentate ligands differ in their position
This occurs in octahedral and square planar complexes
One type of ligand is next to each other (Z) or on opposite sides (E)

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10
Q

Why do transition metal complexes experience optical isomerism?

A

When there are two or more bidentate ligands in a complex
You find the isomer by rotating one of the complexes around a vertical axis
They are chiral

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11
Q

What type of isomer is cisplatin?

A

Z form of geometrical isomerism

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