3.210 VEHICULAR PURSUIT

Question 1

The decision to pursue is often made under difficult, unpredictable, ____ ____ circumstances

Answer 1

rapidly changing

Question 2

What are the cornerstones of the departments pursuit policy?

Answer 2

Immediate control and authorization

Question 3

What will a vehicle pursuit not be authorized for?

Answer 3

1. property crime
2. minor traffic infraction
3. occupied stolen vehicle.

Question 4

What will a vehicle pursuit be authorized for?

Answer 4

1. Violent felony offense
2. Suspect presents a clear and immediate danger to the pubic. A clear and immediate danger to the public will not be defined by officers based solely on a suspect’s reaction to the initial vehicle stop.

Question 5

If an officer can articulate that a suspect presents a clear and immediate danger to the public, What must the monitoring supervisor do?

Answer 5

Supervisor must verbally approve the vehicle pursuit over the radio stating, **“I am supervising this pursuit.” **

Question 6

What must a supervisor consider as the pursuit is continuing.

8 Factors - whether the pursuit should continue.

Answer 6

1. Whether the need for immediate apprehension of the suspect(s) outweighs the danger created by the pursuit itself.
   a. If the vehicle pursuit is for a violent felony, pursuing units and monitoring supervisor(s) should evaluate the severity of the crime and when it occurred. For example:
   1) Is there a confirmed victim and evidence or corroborating witness(es) to support that a violent felony crime occurred? Does the crime involve substantial bodily injury or death?
   2) Is the crime part of a violent felony crime series?
2. Whether the suspect is known to officers and could be apprehended later.
3. Speeds of the vehicle pursuit (pursuing units and fleeing vehicle).
4. Vehicular and pedestrian traffic (including road conditions).
5. Environmental factors surrounding the pursuit: residential, commercial, or rural.
6. Weather conditions (e.g., rain, fog, or snow).
7. Time of day: Does visibility create an unreasonable risk of injury to the public or pursuing officers?
8. Alternatives to allowing the pursuit to continue, including the availability of the Air Unit, use of the bubble tactic, surveillance with unmarked LVMPD vehicles, use of the precision intervention technique (PIT), deployment of stop sticks, or arrest at a later time via investigative means.

Question 7

A maximum of three pursuing units (primary, secondary, and third) will be authorized unless additional units are approved to join the pursuit by a ____ _______

Answer 7

monitoring supervisor.

Question 8

If circumstances permit, What should the primary unit do before initiating lights and sirens?

Answer 8

1. wait for a secondary and third unit
2. when available, wait for air unit before activating emergency lights.

Question 9

The primary unit may request for the monitoring supervisor to authrozie additonal units(other than secondary and third) to join pursuit

True or False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Any officer who assumes the primary position, at any point during the pursuit, regardless of duration in the primary position must complete what?

Answer 10

Pursuit Report in blue team

Question 11

An officer who initiates a vehicular pursuit and is operating a motorcycle or an authorized unmarked unit will ____________ to the first black and white marked patrol unit that joins the vehicular pursuit.

Answer 11

relinquish the primary position

Question 12

What action should the initiating officer take when an additional black and white marked patrol unit joins the pursuit as the secondary unit?

Pursuing officer is in authorized unmarked vehicle or metro motorcycle

Answer 12

Immediately disengage from the pursuit

Question 13

What should any primary pursuing unit do at the conclusion of a pursuit?

a. Continue patrolling the area
b. Proceed to the termination point
c. Hand over the pursuit to a secondary unit
d. Request additional units for backup

Answer 13

b. Proceed to the termination point

Question 14

If a primary pursuing unit was plainclothes and/or in an unmarked vehicle, what action should they take prior to arrival at the termination point?

a. Continue to remain inconspicuous
b. Notify dispatch of their location
c. Wear readily identifiable police markings
d. Request assistance from the Air Unit

Answer 14

c. Wear readily identifiable police markings

Question 15

What should plainclothes and/or unmarked units be mindful of during and after a pursuit?

a. Avoid communication with dispatch
b. Prioritize their own safety over containment procedures
c. Be cognizant of containment procedures and ongoing investigations
d. Act independently without regard for other units

Answer 15

c. Be cognizant of containment procedures and ongoing investigations

Question 16

What action should supervisors directly involved in a vehicular pursuit take when a black and white marked patrol unit joins the pursuit?

a. Maintain their position
b. Request additional resources
c. Relinquish their position
d. Discontinue communication with dispatch

Answer 16

c. Relinquish their position

Question 17

Why is it important for supervisors to relinquish their position in a vehicular pursuit?

Answer 17

To maintain command, control, and objectivity

Question 18

What is the primary goal of decisions made by pursuing units and monitoring supervisors who authorize a vehicular pursuit?

a. To apprehend the suspect at any cost
b. To ensure officer safety only
c. To assure the safety of innocent citizens, officers, and fleeing suspects
d. To maximize the use of emergency equipment

Answer 18

c. To assure the safety of innocent citizens, officers, and fleeing suspects

Question 19

When should pursuing units discontinue a vehicular pursuit?

a. Only when the suspect is known to officers
b. When the danger outweighs the need to apprehend the suspect
c. When backup units arrive
d. When the pursuit has been ongoing for more than 10 minutes

Answer 19

b. When the danger outweighs the need to apprehend the suspect

Question 20

What should pursuing units do if they discontinue a vehicular pursuit or are ordered by a supervisor to discontinue?

Answer 20

Immediately cease emergency operations, reduce speed, and discontinue visual contact with the suspect vehicle

Question 21

What action should pursuing units take after discontinuing a vehicular pursuit?

a. Broadcast over the radio the discontinuance of the pursuit and that there is no longer visual contact of the suspect vehicle
b. Keep the siren on for safety
c. Maintain constant visual contact with the suspect vehicle
d. Begin a new pursuit immediately

Answer 21

A. Broadcast over the radio the discontinuance of the pursuit and that there is no longer visual contact of the suspect vehicle

Question 22

An officer involved in a motor vehicle collision during an emergency response or a pursuit will immediately discontinue involvement and take proper action as required by NRS 484E and department directives unless:

3 factors

Answer 22

1. No unit is available to assume the pursuit or respond to the unit involved.
2. Damage to the unit is minor, and it can still be operated without danger.
3. There are no apparent injuries as a result of the collision.

Question 23

When must officers notify the Communications Bureau regarding a pursuit?

Answer 23

When a pursuit is initiated and terminated

Question 24

What should officers do if they decide to discontinue a pursuit for safety reasons?

Answer 24

Notify the Communications Bureau of the decision to discontinue the pursuit

Question 25

When should officers notify the Communications Bureau about a situation that could lead to a pursuit but does not meet the criteria for pursuing?

Answer 25

When a situation is observed that could result in a pursuit, but the pursuit did not meet the criteria for pursuing

Question 26

Units bubbling a suspect vehicle ____ ____ intentionally bubble outside their assigned area command unless approved by the monitoring supervisor and assigned by the Communications dispatcher, in consultation with the monitoring supervisor.

Answer 26

will not

Question 27

While bubbling, units will:

Answer 27

While bubbling, units will:
1. Attempt to contain the suspect vehicle, not apprehend.
2. Monitor the suspect vehicle via radio but will not seek constant visual contact of the fleeing vehicle.
3. Obey all traffic laws and not activate emergency equipment (lights and siren).
4. Avoid engaging the suspect in a vehicular pursuit without supervisor approval.
5. Avoid the termination point unless requested by units at the termination point or the monitoring supervisor and assigned by the dispatcher.

Question 28

What is the role of the monitoring supervisor when a suspect vehicle enters another area command or jurisdiction, regardless of whether a vehicle pursuit is ongoing?

a) The monitoring supervisor must immediately transition responsibilities to a lower-ranking department supervisor.
b) The monitoring supervisor will automatically relieve pursuing units from their duties.
c) The monitoring supervisor will determine whether the bubble tactic should continue and will continue to monitor unless relieved by a higher-ranking department supervisor.
d) The monitoring supervisor will request additional pursuit units to join the chase.

Bubbling

Answer 28

c) The monitoring supervisor will determine whether the bubble tactic should continue and will continue to monitor unless relieved by a higher-ranking department supervisor.

Question 29

What action should the monitoring supervisor take if the bubble tactic is to continue after a suspect vehicle enters another area command?

Answer 29

The monitoring supervisor should coordinate with the dispatcher to assign units from the area command the suspect vehicle entered to assist in the bubble tactic.

Question 30

What radio channel should all units assigned to a vehicle pursuit or bubble tactic incident use, even if the suspect vehicle moves into other area commands or jurisdictions?

Answer 30

All units should work on the originating area command radio channel throughout the incident.

Question 31

What is the role of the monitoring supervisor when the suspect vehicle enters another area command or jurisdiction during an incident?

Answer 31

The monitoring supervisor will not transition responsibilities and will continue to monitor unless relieved by a higher-ranking department supervisor.

Question 32

In the event of an extended vehicular pursuit, bubble tactic, or Air Unit surveillance, who is responsible for determining whether the “Tac Radio” channel will be activated to manage calls for service within the originating area command?

Answer 32

The originating area command lieutenant (watch commander in the lieutenant’s absence)

Question 33

If an incident involving a vehicular pursuit, bubble tactic, or Air Unit surveillance extends over a significant period, who has the authority to decide if a supervisor from another area command should be assigned to the originating area command to manage calls for service?

Answer 33

The originating area command lieutenant (watch commander in the lieutenant’s absence)

Question 34

In the event that the danger of a vehicular pursuit outweighs the apprehension of the fleeing suspect(s), and all related tactics are discontinued, what is the recommended action for units regarding the suspect vehicle?

Answer 34

Units will not attempt to locate, follow, and contact the suspect vehicle. All units will clear and return to regular calls for service.

Question 35

What is the responsibility of the monitoring supervisor regarding communication with the dispatcher when a vehicular pursuit is discontinued due to the danger it presented to the community?

Answer 35

The monitoring supervisor should confirm over the radio with their dispatcher that neighboring area commands have been advised of the pursuit discontinuation.

Question 36

What information should the monitoring supervisor confirm with their dispatcher regarding their area command lieutenant’s awareness of the incident when a vehicular pursuit is discontinued due to the danger it presented to the community?

Answer 36

The monitoring supervisor should confirm that the lieutenant is aware of the incident and that the vehicular pursuit was discontinued due to community safety concerns.

Question 37

Vehicle Pursuit

Monitoring supervisor will: What are the 10 step by step. Memorize these.

Answer 37

1. Immediately acknowledge the notification made by the pursuing officers or Communications and authorize the continuation of the vehicle pursuit over the radio by stating, “I am supervising this pursuit.”
2. Continuously evaluate the need to authorize additional units to the pursuit.
3. Determine whether a transition to the bubble tactic is more appropriate based on availability of the Air Unit and unmarked vehicles.
4. Evaluate whether to discontinue the pursuit if the Air Unit has arrived and assumed primary responsibility for broadcasting the progress of the pursuit.
5. During the pursuit, consider use of PIT and/or stop sticks.
6. Discontinue the pursuit over the radio when apprehension of the fleeing suspect(s) is outweighed by the danger caused by the pursuit.
   a. Confirm that speeds of pursuing units and fleeing vehicle are reasonably being broadcast over the radio throughout the duration of the pursuit.
7. Discourage overconvergence at termination point to avoid officers unduly jeopardizing the safety of themselves and others (see LVMPD 3.110, Use of Force, “De-escalation”).
8. Respond to the termination point and manage the overall scene (i.e., high-risk vehicle stop procedures, a low-lethal option, and a custody plan).
9. If the occupant(s) of the suspect vehicle flees on foot:
   a. When available, coordinate with the Air Unit to communicate with bubbling units on apprehension/containment procedures (see LVMPD 3.220, Foot Pursuits). If Air Unit is unavailable, communicate with bubbling units on apprehension/containment procedures.
   b. Manage police activities for the suspect vehicle (e.g., high-risk vehicle stop procedures and containment).
10. Ensure all required post-pursuit procedures are completed.

Question 38

Non-pursuit units will: 4 steps

Answer 38

1. Avoid direct involvement in the vehicle pursuit unless requested by the monitoring supervisor.
2. Bubble only within their designated area command unless assigned by the dispatcher.
3. Evaluate the ability to deploy stop sticks from a position of safety (see Tire Deflation Devices – Stop Sticks).
4. Avoid the termination point unless requested by units at the termination point or the monitoring supervisor and assigned by the dispatcher.

Question 39

In which circumstances can a pursuit continue when a suspect vehicle is leaving Clark County?

Answer 39

Pursuits can continue if approved by the LVMPD on-duty watch commander or area lieutenant.

Question 40

Under what circumstances are LVMPD officers allowed to join pursuits initiated by another jurisdiction or law enforcement agency?

Answer 40

LVMPD officers can join these pursuits if an LVMPD supervisor authorizes their participation after receiving sufficient information and ensuring compliance with policy provisions.

Question 41

Authorized officers operating as secondary units in pursuits involving a lone primary unit from another agency will be subject to all department procedures governing primary pursuit units, including as a priority, the responsibility to discontinue the LVMPD role in the pursuit immediately whenever:

4 reasons.

Answer 41

a. An additional unit from the originating agency joins the pursuit and can take over the secondary unit responsibilities.
b. The pursuit is not conducted to the standards of LVMPD as outlined in this procedure.
c. Information is made available that indicates the danger of the pursuit outweighs the need to apprehend the suspect.
d. An LVMPD supervisor orders the LVMPD role in the pursuit discontinued.

Question 42

At the conclusion of the pursuit, confirm that the monitoring supervisor is aware of the stop stick deployment and provide the following:

Answer 42

a) Name, personnel number (P#) and call-sign.
b) Location of deployment.
c) What type of substantial barrier was used as cover.
d) If the deployment was successful or unsuccessful and why it was determined to be successful or unsuccessful.
e) Did any vehicles other than the subject vehicle strike the stop stick.

Question 43

Officer(s) will not deploy stop sticks during a pursuit under the following circumstances:

test question

Answer 43

a. When transporting arrestees or other non-police personnel.
b. When fleeing suspects have demonstrated a clear intent to injure officers using the fleeing vehicle or other deadly weapon.
c. As a weapon.
d. On bridges, curves on the roadway, around roadway construction, or any location where the deploying officer feels it would be too dangerous.
e. To slow or stop any of the following vehicles, unless the use of deadly force would be justified:
1) Motorcycle, moped, or any other two- or three-wheeled vehicle.
2) All-terrain vehicle (ATV).
3) Any truck transporting explosives or other hazardous materials.

Question 44

Who will approve predeployment of stop sticks

Answer 44

Field supervisor. supervisor will be present during the pre-deployment when feasible.

Question 45

When is it prohibited for officers to intentionally approach and close the distance on an occupied stationary vehicle to deploy a tire deflation device?

Answer 45

When it is determined to be a barricaded subject situation or hostage situation

Question 46

How often will stop stick training occur and under the direction of who? (Bureau)

Answer 46

Quarterly, Organizational Development Bureau ODB

Question 47

What reports must be completed after a Pit?

Answer 47

Both a use of force report and pursuit report

Question 48

Circumstances warranting the use of the PIT as deadly force include:

Answer 48

1) Continued movement of the pursued vehicle would place others in danger of bodily harm or death other than the occupants of the vehicle; and/or
2) Apparent risk of harm – to those other than the occupants of the pursued vehicle – is so great as to outweigh the risk of harm in making the forcible stop; and
3) Other means of apprehension during the pursuit have been considered and rejected as impractical (e.g., continue to follow, bubble tactic, stop sticks, call for the Air Unit, and/or discontinuance).

Question 49

Who will complete the approriate reports for incidents where deadly force is used (pit or ramming)

Answer 49

CIRT Cirtical incident review team.

In incidents where PIT (deadly) or ramming is used, the use of force will be handled by CIRT at the discretion of the CIRT lieutenant, based on the totality of the circumstances.

Question 50

What are the tactical considerations for using pit.

Officers will, in all cases, consider the safety of the public and suspects before executing this technique, evaluating the following locations and hazards:

Answer 50

a. Areas with high concentrations of pedestrians
b. Other vehicle traffic
c. Parked vehicles
d. Telephone/utility poles
e. Bridges
f. Areas adjacent to paved roads with a large elevation change

Question 51

If a vehicle belonging to an uninvolved citizen is damaged. What will happen next?

Answer 51

the area lieutenant or watch commander will respond to:

a. Offer the citizen alternative transportation, if available and necessary.
b. Offer to tow the damaged vehicle at department expense using the duty service to an LVMPD contract repair facility or, if the citizen insists, to a facility of the citizen’s choice, or repair/replace at the earliest opportunity.
c. Inform the risk manager, via Communications, of the damage and location where the vehicle will be towed. The risk manager will determine if a response is necessary.
d. Instruct the citizen to contact the risk manager the next business day to arrange reimbursement.

Question 52

What are the pursuit evaluation factors in the narrative portion of the Pursuit Report:

Answer 52

a. Whether the need for immediate apprehension of the suspect(s) outweighs the danger created by the pursuit itself.
b. Whether the suspect is known to officers and could be apprehended later.
c. Vehicular and pedestrian traffic to include road conditions.
d. Environmental aspects affecting the pursuit: residential, commercial, or rural.
e. Weather conditions (e.g., rain, fog, or snow).
f. Time of day: Does visibility create an unreasonable risk of injury to the public or pursuing officer(s)?
g. Alternatives to pursuit, including the availability of the Air Unit, use of the bubble tactic, surveillance with unmarked LVMPD vehicles, use of PIT, deployment of stop sticks, or arrest at a later time via investigative means.
h. Clearly state the supervisor who authorized the continuance of the pursuit.

Question 53

When will the field supervisor notify CIRT upon the conclusion of a vehicle pursuit

Answer 53

a. Ensure CIRT/FIT have been notified when the use of force with vehicle results in death or critical bodily injury (PIT under or over 40 mph and ramming).
b. Notify CIRT when the pursuit involves multi-jurisdiction, multiple bureaus/area commands, and/or the pursuit involves more than five officers. CIRT will assess the totality of the circumstances to determine whether a response is necessary.
c. Notify CIRT when there is significant damage.
d. Notify CIRT/FIT if PIT is used on a high center of gravity vehicle. CIRT/FIT will assess the totality of the circumstances to determine whether a response is necessary.

Question 54

What steps will a supervisor take upon the conclusion of a vehicle pursuit?

12 steps - memorize these

Answer 54

1. Respond to the termination point and assume responsibility for the scene.
2. Ensure all appropriate notifications are made at the scene.
3. Conduct a thorough investigation to determine if the pursuit was within policy and justified. If a supervisor becomes involved in a pursuit other than supervising the pursuit, the pursuing supervisor will not conduct the investigation of the pursuit. Investigative duties will be relinquished to the next level of supervision in the officer’s chain of command.
4. Ensure all applicable reports are completed.
5. Check the area surrounding the termination point for any video surveillance, and obtain a copy (MP4 format, if possible).
6. Review all involved officers’ BWCs to ensure pursuit procedures were followed and that all involved officers are documented in the report.
7. Ensure any officer who assumed a primary position in the pursuit completes a Pursuit Report in Blue Team.
8. Document in Blue Team if the pursuit has been determined to be justified and in adherence to procedure, to include all facts and evidence obtained throughout the investigation.
9. Document in Blue Team if the pursuit was determined to be unjustified, and include all facts and evidence obtained throughout the investigation.
10. Document in Blue Team if the Air Unit was available.
    a. If available, articulate:
    1) When the Air Unit arrived (i.e., before, during or after the vehicle pursuit).
    2) How the Air Unit assisted (i.e., radio broadcast of vehicle pursuit, containment at termination point, etc.).
    b. If unavailable, articulate why (i.e., weather conditions, maintenance, assisting on another incident, or vehicle pursuit occurred during a non-operational period).
11. Document in Blue Team if tire deflation devices were deployed and ensure that the circumstances justifying each deployment is articulated. Include the following:
    a. Number of times tire deflation devices were deployed and how (i.e., during vehicle pursuit or on a stationary vehicle [before or after the vehicle pursuit]).
    b. Location of each deployment
    c. Name, P# and call-sign of each officer who deployed a tire deflation device for every location.
    d. What type of substantial barrier was used as cover by the officer who deployed the tire deflation device.
    e. If deployment was on a stationary vehicle, describe where the tire deflation device was deployed (i.e., subject vehicle [front or rear tires] or ingress/egress areas of a business or residential area [street, cul-de-sac, driveway, etc.])
    f. If the deployment was successful or unsuccessful at each location and why it was determined to be successful or unsuccessful.
    g. Did any vehicles other than the subject vehicle strike the tire deflation device?
12. Ensure all evidence and documentation (e.g., voluntary statements, photos, injuries, vehicle damage, etc.) is secured prior to the end of shift.