31 - Learning + Conditioning Flashcards
Behaviourism
Influence of environment not internal mechanisms
Learning
relatively permanent change in the behavior, feelings or thoughts as a consequence of prior experience
Adaptation of the individual to the environment
Types of behaviour (not learnt)
Reflexes
Orienting reflexes
Habituation
Instincts
What is habituation
Tuning out stimuli
Unconditioned stimulus
Stimulus that already elicits a response
Unconditioned response
Response that doesnt have to be learnt
Conditioned stimulus
Previously a neutral stimulus
Conditioned response
Learned response - elicited by conditioned stimulus
Phases of CC
Acquisition - learning
Extinction - Weakening of CR tendency
Spontaneous recovery - reappearing response
Savings - response comes back if US and CS coupled again
Stimulus generalization
response to a specific stimulus is associated with other similar stimuli
Stimulus discrimination
respond to one stimulus and not another
Applications of CC
Emotional responses
Advertising/marketing
Addictions
Psychological treatments using CC
Counter conditioning
Aversion therapy
Systematic desensitisation
Implosive therapy
Exhaustion/sedation allowing anxiety to reduce
Flooding
Client in situation inducing anxiety - no harm
realises they can cope
Operant conditioning
Behaviour is modified by rewards and punishment
Fixed Ratio reinforcement
reinforcement given after every Nth response
Variable ratio
Not stable
Fixed interval
Time must pass before reinforcement
Variable interval
Time interval varies
Positive punishment
Application of unpleasant stimuli
Negative punishment
Removal of pleasant stimuli
Application of OC
Workplace
Token economy
Autism
Social learning
observing others behaviour and its outcomes
Aplication of bandura’s theory
Modelling
What is modelling
people can change just simply by watching other people successfully coping with a problem or situation
