1 - Introduction to BB

Question 1

Functions of the Nervous System (4)

Answer 1

Gather sensory information from the external environment

Integrate information for assessment and meaning

Produce motor, behavioural and cognitive responses

Regulate body homeostasis for optimal performance

Question 2

Forebrain

Answer 2

Cerebrum + Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, post pituitary, pineal gland)

Question 3

Midbrain

Answer 3

Midbrain (part of brainstem)

Question 4

Hindbrain

Answer 4

Pons (part of brainstem), cerebellum + Medulla oblongata

Question 5

Function of Midbrain

Answer 5

Visual and auditory reflexes, orienting reflexes

Question 6

Function of Pons

Answer 6

Relay of information from cochlea and vestibular apparatus, control of movement and sensation from the face, control of mastication

Question 7

Function of Medulla

Answer 7

Breathing and swallowing, control of respiration, control of BP, control of cortical arousal

Question 8

CN 1 Function

Answer 8

Olfactory (Sensory Smell)

Question 9

CN 2 Function

Answer 9

Optic - sensory sight

Question 10

CN 3 Function

Answer 10

Oculomotor - all eye muslces except SO and LR, Adjusts pupil and lens

Question 11

CN 4 Function

Answer 11

Trochlear - Motor Superior Oblique

Question 12

CN 5 Function

Answer 12

Trigeminal (Motor Facial muscles incl. chewing; Sensory Facial sensations)

Question 13

CN 6 Function

Answer 13

Abducens Motor lateral rectus

Question 14

CN 7 Function

Answer 14

Facial (Sensory Taste, Motor tears, saliva, facial expressions)

Question 15

CN 8 Function

Answer 15

Vestibulocochlear (Sensory Auditory)

Question 16

CN 9 Function

Answer 16

Glossopharyngeal (Motor Swallowing, saliva, Sensory taste)

Question 17

CN 10 Function

Answer 17

Vagus (Sensory + Motor Control of PNS e.g. smooth muscles of GI tract

Question 18

CN 11 Function

Answer 18

Accessory (Motor Moving head & shoulders, swallowing

Question 19

CN 12 Function

Answer 19

Hypoglossal (Motor Tongue muscles - speech & swallowing)

Question 20

Brocas area

Answer 20

Language expression

Question 21

Wernicke’s area

Answer 21

Language comprehension

Question 22

Corticospinal tract

Answer 22

Motor - descending

Crossover at spinomedullary junction

Question 23

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus

Answer 23

Discriminative touch

Crossover in medulla

Question 24

Spinothalamic

Answer 24

Temperature and pain

Crossover in spinal cord

Question 25

Spinocerebellar tract

Answer 25

Proprioception

No crossover

Question 26

Acetylcholine

Answer 26

Used by SC neurons to control muscles + by brain to regulate memory. Mainly excitatory

Question 27

Dopamine

Answer 27

Feelings of pleasure, reward system. Functions depend on where in the brain it acts

Question 28

GABA

Answer 28

The major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

Question 29

Glutamate

Answer 29

The major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Question 30

Glycine

Answer 30

Mainly in neurons in the SC, inhibitory and excitatory effects

Question 31

Noradrenaline

Answer 31

PNS: Part of flight or fight. CNS: Regulates processes e.g mood

Question 32

Serotonin

Answer 32

Involved in mood, appetite and sensory perception. In SC involved in pain pathways