1 - Introduction to BB Flashcards
Functions of the Nervous System (4)
Gather sensory information from the external environment
Integrate information for assessment and meaning
Produce motor, behavioural and cognitive responses
Regulate body homeostasis for optimal performance
Forebrain
Cerebrum + Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, post pituitary, pineal gland)
Midbrain
Midbrain (part of brainstem)
Hindbrain
Pons (part of brainstem), cerebellum + Medulla oblongata
Function of Midbrain
Visual and auditory reflexes, orienting reflexes
Function of Pons
Relay of information from cochlea and vestibular apparatus, control of movement and sensation from the face, control of mastication
Function of Medulla
Breathing and swallowing, control of respiration, control of BP, control of cortical arousal
CN 1 Function
Olfactory (Sensory Smell)
CN 2 Function
Optic - sensory sight
CN 3 Function
Oculomotor - all eye muslces except SO and LR, Adjusts pupil and lens
CN 4 Function
Trochlear - Motor Superior Oblique
CN 5 Function
Trigeminal (Motor Facial muscles incl. chewing; Sensory Facial sensations)
CN 6 Function
Abducens Motor lateral rectus
CN 7 Function
Facial (Sensory Taste, Motor tears, saliva, facial expressions)
CN 8 Function
Vestibulocochlear (Sensory Auditory)
CN 9 Function
Glossopharyngeal (Motor Swallowing, saliva, Sensory taste)
CN 10 Function
Vagus (Sensory + Motor Control of PNS e.g. smooth muscles of GI tract
CN 11 Function
Accessory (Motor Moving head & shoulders, swallowing
CN 12 Function
Hypoglossal (Motor Tongue muscles - speech & swallowing)
Brocas area
Language expression
Wernicke’s area
Language comprehension
Corticospinal tract
Motor - descending
Crossover at spinomedullary junction
Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus
Discriminative touch
Crossover in medulla
Spinothalamic
Temperature and pain
Crossover in spinal cord
Spinocerebellar tract
Proprioception
No crossover
Acetylcholine
Used by SC neurons to control muscles + by brain to regulate memory. Mainly excitatory
Dopamine
Feelings of pleasure, reward system. Functions depend on where in the brain it acts
GABA
The major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
Glutamate
The major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
Glycine
Mainly in neurons in the SC, inhibitory and excitatory effects
Noradrenaline
PNS: Part of flight or fight. CNS: Regulates processes e.g mood
Serotonin
Involved in mood, appetite and sensory perception. In SC involved in pain pathways
