12 - The Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of vestibular system

A

Balance
Posture
Spatial orientation

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2
Q

Receptors of vestibular system

A

Eyes
General proprioceptors - muscles, joints and tendons
Vestibular receptors in inner ear - vestibular apparatus

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3
Q

Perilymph

A

High Na
Low K+
Similar to CSF - on the outside

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4
Q

Endolymph

A

High K+

Low Na

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5
Q

Endocochlear potential

A

Difference between endolymph and perilymph

80-100mV

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6
Q

Structures of the semicircular ducts

A

Apulllae
Sacculus
Urtriculus
Semicircular ducts

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7
Q

What are hair cells

A

AKA receptor cells, found in sacculus, ampullae and urtriculus and semicircular ducts

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8
Q

Structure of hair cell

A

Supporting cell with one kinocillium and many stereocillia adjacent to it

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9
Q

How does hair cell cause depolarisation

A

When endolymph moves in a way that the kinocillium is separated from stereocillium ion channels open to allow depolarisation –> glutamate is released and vestibule nerve fibres are activated

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10
Q

What is cillia made out of

A

Gelatine

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11
Q

What are hair cells sensitive to

A

Kinetic sensitivity
Sensitive to head rotation
Angular acceleration

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12
Q

Oolith membrane

A

Contains otoconia which are small crystals that compress cilia to activate signalling

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13
Q

Utricles

A

Left-right motions

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14
Q

Saccules -

A

Up-down motion

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15
Q

Optikokinetic and rotational nystagmus

A

Normal

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16
Q

Spontaneous nystagmus

A

Abnormal
vestibular apparatus damage
BS or cerebellum damage

17
Q

What are the 4 major nuceli

A

Superior
Medial
Inferior
Lateral

18
Q

Superior Vestibular nucleus

A

Medial longitudinal fasicculus to occulomotor nucleu

19
Q

Lateral VN

A

To cerebellum via lateral VS tract regulates anti gravity muscles

20
Q

Inferior VN

A

With periphery to thalamus and cortex

21
Q

Medial VN

A

Reticular formation to neck muscles to cervical sc

22
Q

Kinetosis

A

Motion Sickness

23
Q

How do you test for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

A

Hallpike Manouvre

24
Q

Vestibulocerebellar syndrome

A

Nystagmus
Ataxia
Tinnitus