26 - Schizoprenia

Question 1

Positive Schizophrenia Symptoms

Answer 1

Hallucinations, delusions, agitation, disorganised thinking

Question 2

Negative Schizophrenia Symptoms

Answer 2

Introversion, apathy, low self-esteem, personal neglect

Question 3

Cognitive Symptoms

Answer 3

Poor memory, attention deficit, executive dysfunction

Question 4

Diagnosis of Schizophrenia

Answer 4

Two (or more) of the following, present for a significant amount of time
Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized speech, grossly disorganised, negative symptoms
At least one of the symptoms must be a positive symptom
Persistent for at least 6 months – At least 1 month of active symptoms

Question 5

BDNF

Answer 5

neurotrophic factor

Question 6

COMT

Answer 6

dopaminergic transmission

Question 7

DAOA

Answer 7

glutamatergic transmission

Question 8

Neuregulin 1

Answer 8

neuroplasticity

Question 9

Dysbindin

Answer 9

affect dopamine D2 receptor levels and glutamate and GABA transmission

Question 10

DISC1

Answer 10

neurodevelopment and signalling in corticolimbic areas

Question 11

What area of the brain does the Wisconsin CardSorting test, test?

Answer 11

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 12

What may you see in an MRI of a schizophrenic patient

Answer 12

larger ventricles and smaller mesial temporal lobe structures

Question 13

What occurs in the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways in schizophrenia?

Answer 13

o Hyperactivity in the mesolimbic pathway

o Hypoactivity in the mesocortical pathway

Question 14

What receptor do the dopamine antagonists work on

Answer 14

D2

Question 15

Chlorpromazine

Answer 15

The first neuroleptic

Question 16

Typical antipsychotics

Answer 16

Chlorpromazine, thioridazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, flupenthixol

Question 17

Atypical antipsychotics

Answer 17

Risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, paliperidone, aripiprazole

Question 18

At what receptors do atypical AP also have significant antagonist activity at?

Answer 18

5-HT2 receptors

Question 19

Clozapine

Answer 19

Given in drug resistance
High risk of agranulocytosis
Blocks D4 receptors

Question 20

Aripiprazole

Answer 20

combines antagonist and partial agonist effects on different D2 receptor

Question 21

Which other receptors do antipsychotics act on

Answer 21

dopamine d2, alpha1-noradrenergic, serotonin 5-HT2, dopamine D1, histamine H1, muscarinic

Question 22

What are the EPS

Answer 22

Extrapyramidal effects
Acute dystonias
Parkinsonism
Tardive Dyskinesia

Question 23

What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Answer 23

o Hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, tremor, confusion

Question 24

What is tardive dyskinesia?

Answer 24

Involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, face – constant chewing, grimacing
Associated mainly w/ typicals taken for more than a few months/years

Question 25

Which (Atypical or typicals) have more EPS

Answer 25

Typicals

Question 26

Which antipsychotics can be given as a depot IM injection?

Answer 26

Fluphenazide

Haloperidol