29 - Memory + Amnesia Flashcards

1
Q

Learning

A

process by means of acquiring new knowledge or skills

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2
Q

Memory

A

Process to maintain learning across time

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3
Q

Processes needed to learn and remember information

A

Input
Hold
Output

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4
Q

Cause of forgetting

A

Temporal decay

Interference from learning of other information

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5
Q

What is responsible for acquiring new memories

A

Hippocampus

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6
Q

Declarative Memory

A

Episodic memory

Semantic memory

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7
Q

Episodic memory

A

Personal episodes in time and space

Hippocampus/medial temporal lobe

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8
Q

Semantic memory

A

facts, meanings, concepts and knowledge of the world
lateral and anterior temporal cortex
prefrontal cortex

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9
Q

Non declarative memory

A

Procedural - Striatum, cerebellum
Priming and perceptual learning - Neocortex
Simple classical conditioning - Amygdala conditioning
Non-associative learning - Reflex

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10
Q

What is the working memory model

A

Model of the STM

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11
Q

Phonological loop

A

Temporary store for verbal information

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12
Q

Visuospatial Sketchpad

A

Store for visual and spatial information

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13
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

New events not transferred to long-term memory

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14
Q

Reterograde amnesia

A

Unable to recall events before onset of amnesia

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15
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Blocking out of critical personal information - usually trauma, stress

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16
Q

Cause of amnesia

A

Brain injury - trauma, infection, drug/alcohol abuse, reduced blood flow

17
Q

Mechanisms Underlying Memory and Learning

A

Plasticity which leads to changes or something has to grow/new cells form/new connection between neurones

18
Q

What is a Long Term Potential

A

Persistent increase in synaptic strength (ESPS) following high frequency stimulation of chemical synapses

19
Q

AP5

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

can no longer form new memories when given -> Suggests nmda receptors have a role in memory

20
Q

Long Term Depression

A

Low frequency stimulation decreases ESPS

21
Q

What blocks NDMA receptors

A

Mg2+

22
Q

How many agonists are needed to open NDMA receptors

A

2(have different subunits)

23
Q

How is magnesium removed from NDMA receptor

A

Depolarisation via repeatedly activated synapse

24
Q

Memantine

A

Blocks NMDA receptors

Prevents opening and influx of Ca which causes cell death