15 - Blood Supply to the Brain

Question 1

Percent of CO to brain

Answer 1

15%

Question 2

How many seconds of anoxia - unconsciousness

Answer 2

20 seconds

Question 3

How long till permanent unconsciousness

Answer 3

> 5 minutes

Question 4

Vertebral arteries

Answer 4

Spinal cord

Dorsal medualla of BS

Question 5

Basillar arteries

Answer 5

Pons

Cerebellum

Question 6

Posterior cerebral artery

Answer 6

 Inferior and medial aspects of temporal and occipital cortex
 Thalamus and posterior internal capsule
 Midbrain

Question 7

Ischaemic stroke

Answer 7

Atherosclerosis

Embolism

Question 8

Cerebral haemorrhage

Answer 8

Trauma

Spontaneous

Question 9

MCA stroke

Answer 9

Dominant hemisphere - Global aphasia, sensorimotor loss on contralateral face, upper limb and trunk

Question 10

ACA stroke

Answer 10

Contralateral sensorimotor loss below waist
 Urinary incontinence
 Personality defects
 Split-brain syndrome

Question 11

PCA stroke

Answer 11

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
 Reading and writing deficits
 Impaired memory

Question 12

Transient ischaemic attack

Answer 12

o Temporary loss of brain function (>30 mins)
o Sudden onset but resolves within 24 hours
o Diagnosis based on symptoms alone
o Warning sign of heart attack or stroke

Question 13

Epidural haematoma (Extradural)

Answer 13

Traumatic
Rapid bleeding
 Blood between the dura mater and skull

Question 14

Symptoms of epidural haematoma

Answer 14

• Compression of intracranial structures
• Compress CN III
• Weakness of extremeties on opposite side of lesion
• Loss of visual field opposite to lesion (compress PCA)

Question 15

Supdural haematoma

Answer 15

 Traumatic/Ageing
Blood between dura and arachnoid matter
Rupture to bridging veins

Question 16

Symptoms of subdural haematoma

Answer 16

• Irritability
• Seizures
• Headache
• Numbness
• Disorientation

Question 17

Subarachnoid haematoma

Answer 17

 Spontaneous
 Between arachnoid and Pia
 Ruptured aneurysm or head injury

Question 18

Symptoms of subarachnoid haematoma

Answer 18

• Severe headache (thunderclap)
• Vomiting
• Confusion
• Lowered level of consciousness