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BB2 > 3 - Motor Systems II > Flashcards

3 - Motor Systems II Flashcards

1
Q

What does the frontal lobe control?

A

Motor control

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2
Q

What area is the primary motor cortex

A

4

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3
Q

Local lesions in primary motor cortex

A

Paralysis of specific muscle groups

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4
Q

What area is the premotor cortex

A

6

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5
Q

What area is the supplementary motor cortex

A

8

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6
Q

Damage to premotor/supplementary motor cortex

A

Apraxia - normal refelxes but difficulty in complex motor tasks

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7
Q

What is Oculomotor Apraxia

A

difficulty moving eyes horizontally and quickly

caused by damage to frontal eye fields

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8
Q

Frontal eye fields function

A

motor control of extraocular eye muscles

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9
Q

Damage to brocas area

A

Motor aphasia - difficulty constructing meaningful word sentences

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10
Q

What areas are the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

9 and 10

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11
Q

What is the function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

Planning and movement

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12
Q

Lesion in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

Personality changes

lack of ability to plan or sequence actions or tasks

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13
Q

Test for frontal lobe function

A

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

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14
Q

What area is the orbitofrontal cortex

A

11

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15
Q

Function of the orbitofrontal cortex

A

Inhibition of motor responses associated with the lmbic system

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16
Q

Lesion in orbitofrontal cortex

A

Impulsiveness
Sexual disinhibition
Lack of concern

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17
Q

Stroke in motor thalamus

A

Severe paralysis

18
Q

Occlusion of the MCA

A

all of one side of the frontal lobe

Severe motor disability in all parts of the contralateral body except the lower limb

19
Q

Blood supply to basal ganglia

A

MCA via leticulostriate arteries

20
Q

What does the cortcobulbospinal tract run through

A

Internal capsule

21
Q

Where does the corticobulbar component terminate

A

Pontine nuclei
Reticular formation
Red nucleus
CN nuclei

22
Q

Where is the red nuclei

A

Midbrain

23
Q

Where is the motor decussation of the corticobulbospinal tract

A

Upper Spinal Cord + Medullary Pyramids

24
Q

Origin of lateral vestibulospinal tract

A

Vestibular nuclei in upper medulla/lower pons

25
Q

Function of lateral vestibulospinal tract

A

Posture and balance

tonically active when upright

26
Q

Origin of reticulospinal tract

A

Reticular formation of pons and medulla

27
Q

Function of reticulospinal tract

A

Autonomic control and respiration

28
Q

Rubrospinal/vestigal spinal tract origin

A

Red nucleus in midbrain

29
Q

Function of rubrospinal tract

A

Carries cerebellar commands to SC

30
Q

Tectospinal tract

A

Co-ordinates voluntary head and eye movements

31
Q

Medial vestibulospinal tract

A

Continuation of MLF
Maintains objects in view despite movements
coordination of head and neck with extraocular eye muscles

32
Q

Which UMN act directly on LMN

A

Those driving the muscles of the thumb and fingers

33
Q

Spasticity

A

Abnormally increased muscle tone

Upper motor neuron lesion

34
Q

Clonus

A

Series of (jerky) contractions of a particular muscle following sudden stretching of the muscle

35
Q

Hyperreflexia

A

abnormally (pathologically) brisk tendon reflex is seen in one or more muscles.

36
Q

Decorticate posturing

A

More favourable
Arms adducted and flexed
Legs internally rotated and stiffly extended

37
Q

Decerebrate posturing

A

Arms adducted and extended
Legs internally rotated
Severe injury to brain at the level of the brainstem
Unconscious patients

38
Q

Can the cortex recover from a lesion?

A

Yes if acute - after paralysis
due to plasticity in the cortex
Larger lesions - slower recovery/permanent loss of movement

39
Q

What is hemiplegic dystonia

A

Persistent flexion of the arms
Extension of the legs
occurs with chronic spasticity

40
Q

Paralysis/weakness of voluntary movement

A

Corticospinal tract

41
Q

Loss of bladder/bowel control

A

Reticulospinal tract

42
Q

Loss of ability to stand up straigh/balance

A

Vestibulospinal tract

BB2 (27 decks)

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