2S [LEC]: Pancreas Flashcards
A dual-function organ located behind the stomach in the abdomen
Pancreas
Hormone that promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Glucagon
Hormone that promotes glycogenesis, glycolysis, lipogenesis
Insulin
Inhibitor hormone of TSH, GH, Glucagon, Insulin
Somatostatin
A hormone produced by the B-cells that is absent in type I diabetes mellitus patients
Amylin
A hormone that inhibits or regulates insulin
Amylin
Favored when there is a relative increase in the insulin-to-glucagon ratio as in the postprandial state
Anabolism
Favored with a relative decrease in this ratio as in the fasting state
Catabolism
A tetradecapeptide with a disulfide bond that inhibits pituitary, GI, and pancreatic hormones
Somatostatin
Somatostatin was first isolated from the ___
Hypothalamus
First isolated somatostatin peptide
Somatostatin-14
Somatostatin with N-terminal extension that is a more potent inhibitor of other islet hormones
Somatostatin-28
Co-localized and co-secreted with insulin in response to stimulation with nutrients
Amylin
A synthetic analog of amylin that is available for use by injection before major meals in patients with insulin-required diabetes
Pramlintide
Amylin is a 37-amino acid protein called ___
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)
Hypersecretion of insulin that may be due to a tumor
Hyperinsulinism
Tumor that causes hyperinsulinism
Insulinoma
Hypersecretion of somatostatin by a tumor
Somatostatinoma
Hypersecretion of glucagon by a tumor
Glucagonoma
Presenting with widespread dermatitis, weight loss, glossitis, and abnormal glucose tolerance associated with an islet cell neoplasm of the pancreas on autopsy specimen
Glucagonoma
Which of the following is not a manifestation of glucagonoma:
i. Diabetes
ii. Dystonia
iii. Depression
iv. Deep vein thrombosis
v. Dermatosis
ii
Caused by pancreatic cell tumors, which overproduce gastrin
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
A condition associated with water diarrhea, recurring peptic ulcer, significant gastric hypersecretion and hyperacidity
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
Basal acid output and maximal acid output levels in the case of Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
Both are increased
Identify the type of DM:
Due to autoimmune B-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency, including latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood
Type 1
Identify the type of DM:
Due to a progressive loss of adequate B-cell insulin secretion frequently on the background of insulin resistance
Type 2
Identify the type of DM:
Diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that was not clearly overt diabetes prior to gestation
Gestational DM
Known as fibrocystic disease of the pancreas and mucoviscodisos
Cystic fibrosis
An inherited autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dysfunction of mucous and exocrine glands throughout the body
Cystic fibrosis
Causes the small and large ducts and the acini to dilate and convert into small cysts filled with mucus, resulting in the prevention of pancreatic secretions reaching the duodenum or, depending on the age of the patient, a plug that blocks the lumen of the bowel, leading to obstruction
Cystic fibrosis
Inflammation of pancreas ultimately causes by autodigestion of the pancreas as a result of reflux of bile or duodenal contents into the pancreatic duct
Pancreatitis
4th most frequent form of fatal cancer and causes about 38 000 deaths each year in the United States
Pancreatic Carcinoma
5-year survival rate of pancreatic carcinoma patients
6%
T/F: A tumor in the body or tail of the pancreas leads to early diagnosis and better management
False (cancer of the head of the pancreas is diagnosed early as it is near the common bile duct)
Failure to digest or absorb fats, which renders the feces greasy in appearance
Steatorrhea
T/F: Cystic fibrosis, pancreatic carcinoma, and pancreatitis can result in severely diminished pancreatic endocrine function
False (exocrine function is diminished)
