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MT6324 > 1S [LAB]: AST & ALT > Flashcards

1S [LAB]: AST & ALT Flashcards

1
Q

Biologic proteins that catalyze chemical reaction without altering the equilibrium point of the reaction without being consumed or changed in composition

A

Enzyme

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2
Q

Enzymes are found in all body tissue, frequently appearing in ___ following cellular injury or from degraded cells

A

Serum

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3
Q

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds

A

Active site

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4
Q

The part of the enzyme where the catalytic action happens

A

Active site

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5
Q

Substance acted upon in an enzymatic reaction

A

Substrate

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6
Q

Water free cavity where the substrate interacts with particular charged amino acid residues

A

Active site

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7
Q

A cavity other than the active site which binds the regulator molecules

A

Allosteric site

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8
Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

1

A

Oxidoreductase

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9
Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

2

A

Transferase

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10
Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

3

A

Hydrolase

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11
Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

4

A

Lyase

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12
Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

5

A

Isomerase

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13
Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

6

A

Ligase

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14
Q

A/n ___ increase in temperature doubles enzymatic activity

A

10C

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15
Q

Too high temperature causes the enzyme to ___

A

denature

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16
Q

Non-protein molecule of enzymes necessary for enzyme activity

A

Cofactors

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17
Q

Inorganic cofactors are also known as ___

A

Activators

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18
Q

Organic cofactors are also known as ___

A

Coenzymes

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19
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Chloride

A

Activator

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20
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Bromide

A

Activator

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21
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Magnesium

A

Activator

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22
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Iron

A

Activator

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23
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Zinc copper

A

Activator

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24
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Calcium

A

Activator

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25
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Manganese

A

Activator

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26
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Cobalt

A

Activator

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27
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Potassium

A

Activator

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28
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Thiamine

A

Coenzyme

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29
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Pyrophosphate

A

Coenzyme

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30
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Cobamide

A

Coenzyme

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31
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Biotin

A

Coenzyme

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32
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Nicotinamde

A

Coenzyme

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33
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Pyridoxal

34
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Phosphate

35
Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Folic acid

36
Q

The measurement of enzyme activity is done at ___ order kinetics

37
Q

Zero order kinetics means that the measurement is not dependent on the concentration but on its ___

38
Q

The amount of enzyme that will catalyze the reaction of 1 umol of substrate per minute under specified condition

A

IU (international units)

39
Q

The unit for enzyme activity is ___

A

katal (mol/s)

40
Q

1.0 UI = ___ nkat

41
Q

The old name for aspartate aminotransferase

A

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/ transferase

42
Q

Involved in the transfer of an amino group between aspartate and a-keto acids

A

Aspartate aminotransferase/ SGOT

43
Q

The measurement of AST uses ___ as coenzyme

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

44
Q

Tissue sources of AST include:

A

Cardiac tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, erythrocytes

45
Q

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions:

AMI

46
Q

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions:

Congestive heart failure

47
Q

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions:

Hepatocellular disorders

48
Q

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions:

Skeletal muscle disorders

49
Q

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions:

Pulmonary embolism

50
Q

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions:

Acute pancreatitis

51
Q

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions:

Uremia

52
Q

AST isoenzymes include:

A

Cell cytoplasm AST
Mitochondrial AST

53
Q

This AST isoenzyme is increased in cellular necrosis

A

Mitochondrial AST

54
Q

Most commonly used method in AST determination

A

Karmen method

55
Q

Karmen method is done through the measurement of absorbance at ___nm

56
Q

Optimal pH for the Karmen method

57
Q

In the first reaction in Karmen method, the AST reacts with L-aspartate and oxoglutarate to form ___ and ___

A

Oxaloacetate and L-glutamate

58
Q

In the second reaction in Karmen method of AST determination, the ___ reacts with oxaloacetate and NADH to form ___ and NAD

A

Malate dehydrogenase
L-malate

59
Q

An AST/ALT determination method where the ketoacids is reacted to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) to form ketoacid hydrazones

A

Reitman-Frankel method

60
Q

The product of Reitman-Frankel method

A

Intense brown color

61
Q

When using the Reitman-Frankel method of AST/ALT determination, a wavelength of ___nm is used

62
Q

An AST/ALT determination method where ketoacid and diazo compound reacts to form diazonium derivative

A

Coupling with diazonium salts

63
Q

In the Karmen method of AST determination, the indicator reaction is catalyzed by ___ and the change in absorbance is monitored as NADPH is ___ to NAD

A

Malate dehydrogenase
Oxidized

64
Q

Old name for alanine aminotransferase

A

Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase/ transferase

65
Q

AST/ ALT:

Better measure for liver cirrhosis and cardiac marker

66
Q

Catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from alanine to a-ketoglutarate

A

Alanine aminotransferase

67
Q

In ALT measurement, ___ acts as coenzyme

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

68
Q

Tissue sources of ALT

A

Liver, cardiac tissue

69
Q

In the Karmen method of ALT determination, the indicator reaction is catalyzed by ___ and the change in absorbance is monitored as NADPH is ___ to NAD

A

Lactate dehydrogenase
Oxidized

70
Q

In the first reaction of the Karmen method of ALT determination, L-alanine and oxoglutarate reacts with ALT to form L-glutamate and ___

71
Q

In the second reaction of the Karmen method of ALT determination, Pyruvate and NADH will react with ___ to form ___ and NAD

A

Lactate dehydrogenase
L-lactate

72
Q

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease:

Bilirubin

A

False increase

73
Q

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease:

Erythromycin

A

False increase

74
Q

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease:

Iproniazid

A

False increase

75
Q

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease:

Morphine

A

False increase

76
Q

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease:

Endogenous pyruvate

A

False increase

77
Q

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease:

Heavy metals like mercurial diuretics

A

False decrease

78
Q

The ratio of reagent 1 to reagent 2 to form the working reagent

79
Q

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease:

Hemolysis

A

False increase

80
Q

T/F: In ALT determination, hemolysis causes a dramatic increased effect on the result

A

False (It is relatively unaffected by hemolysis)

81
Q

T/F: In ALT determination, hemolysis causes a dramatic increased effect on the result

A

False (It is relatively unaffected by hemolysis)

82
Q

Optimal pH for enzymatic reactions

MT6324 (12 decks)

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