2S [LAB]: Sodium & Potassium Flashcards
Ions capable of carrying an electrical charge
Electrolytes
Cations migrate toward the ___ in electrophoresis
Cathode
Anions migrate toward the ___ in electrophoresis
Anode
Major extracellular electrolytes
Sodium
Chloride
Calcium
Major intracellular electrolytes
Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphate
Major extracellular cation comprising of 90% of the total amount in the body
Sodium
Cation that determines the osmolality of plasma
Sodium
Makes sure that sodium concentration in ECF is higher, preventing osmotic rupture of cells
Na-K ATPase pump
Hormone that regulates sodium through direct reabsorption
Aldosterone
Membrane used in ISE for sodium determination
Glass aluminum silicate membrane
Sodium is 80% reabsorbed in the ___
Proximal tubules
Sodium is 20-25% reabsorbed in the ___
Loop of Henle
Method of choice in sodium determination
Ion Selective Electrode
ISE type: undiluted samples interact with the ISE membrane
Direct ISE
ISE type: diluted samples are used
Indirect ISE
Colorimetric method of sodium determination that uses zinc uranyl acetate
Suderman and Delory
Colorimetric method of sodium determination using magnesium uranyl acetate
Trinder
Reagent used in sodium reagent kit
Phosphanazo III
Conversion factor of sodium from mmol/L to mEq/L
1.0
T/F: In sodium determination, hemolysis does not cause significant change in values
True
Specimen of choice in urine sodium analyses
24-hour collection
Aside from urine, what other sample may be used for sodium determination?
Sweat
Sodium concentration that is considered hypernatremia
> 145 mmol/L
A sodium concentration of ___ leads to 60-75% mortality rate
> 160 mmol/L
Normal sodium concentration
130-150 mmol/L
Conn’s disease causes ___ in sodium concentration
Hypernatremia
Water in the body is ___ proportional to sodium concentration
Inversely (water loss causes hypernatremia)
Sodium concentration considered as hyponatremia
<135 mmol/L
Sodium concentration that may be a result of GI symptoms
125-130 mmol/L
Sodium concentration that may cause neuropsychiatric symptoms
<125 mmol/L
Sodium concentration that may cause medical emergency
<120 mmol/L in 48 hours
Potassium deficiency causes ___ in sodium concentration
Hyponatremia
Adrenal concentration is ___ proportional to sodium concentration
Directly (hypoadrenalism causes hyponatremia)
Major intracellular cation
Potassium
Concentration of potassium is ___ greater in RBC
20x
Only how many percent of potassium is found in plasma?
2%
Potassium is filtered in the ___, reabsorbed in the ___, and secreted in the ___
Glomeruli
Proximal tubules
Distal tubules
The secretion of potassium in the distal tubules is under the influence of ___
Aldosterone
Cation the regulates neuromuscular activity, contraction of the heart, ICF volume, and H+ concentration
Potassium
Potassium carrier in the membrane used in ISE potassium determination
Valinomycin
Inner electrolyte solution used in ISE potassium determination
KCl
Colorimetric method of potassium determination that uses sodium cobaltrinitrite
Lockhead and Purcell
Colorimetric method of potassium determination that uses sodium tetraphenylboron
Hoffman
The reaction and turbidity in potassium determination is read at what wavelength?
578 nm
Anticoagulant of choice in potassium determination
Heparin
Urine sample used in potassium determination
24-hour period
A slight hemolysis increases potassium level by how many percent?
3%
Gross hemolysis increases potassium level by how many percent?
30%
In potassium determination, in cases of thrombocytosis, what sample is preferred?
Plasma
T/F: In potassium determination, the whole blood sample is stored on ice
False (ice promotes release of K+ from cells)
Optimal temperature in potassium determination
Room temperature
Potassium concentration considered as hyperkalemia
5.5 mmol/L
A potassium concentration of ___ causes muscle weakness
> 8 mmol/L
A potassium concentration of ___ can alter the ECG
6-7 mmol/L
A potassium concentration of ___ causes fatal cardiac arrest
> 10 mmol/L
Addison’s disease causes ___ in potassium concentration
Hyperkalemia
A plasma potassium level of below ___ is considered hypokalemia
3.0 mmol/L
Cushing’s syndrome causes ___ in potassium concentration
Hypokalemia
Hyperaldosteronism causes ___ in potassium concentration
Hypokalemia
Insulin overdose causes ___ in potassium concentration
Hypokalemia
