2S [LAB]: Intro to Serology Flashcards
Branch of immunology which is concerned with Ag-Ab reactions in vitro
Serology
Used to detect presence of antigen/s or antibody/ies in serum for detection of diseases
Serology
States that free reactants are in equilibrium with bound reactants
Law of Mass of Action
The initial force of attraction that exist between a single Fab site and a single epitope
Affinity
Sum of all the attractive forces between an antigen and an antibody
Avidity
Type of antigen-antibody reaction:
The noncovalent, reversible intermolecular interactions between antigen and Fab region of an Ab
Primary reaction
Type of antigen-antibody reaction:
Reactions that occur following antigen-antibody binding
Secondary reaction
Type of antigen-antibody reaction:
Include in vivo biological expressions of antibody reactivity resulting from either their primary or secondary interactions with the antigen
Tertiary reaction
Assays that use labels for quantification of antigen-antibody reaction
Labeled immunoassays
Main advantage of labeled immunoassay
Quantification of antigen-antibody reaction
Serologic principle involving the aggregation of soluble antigens in the presence of specific antibodies
Precipitation
Required number of binding sites in precipitation reaction
at least two
A measure of the turbidity or cloudiness of a solution
Turbidimetry
Measures the light that is scattered at a particular angle from the incident beam as it passes through a suspension
Nephelometry
A type of immunoprecipitation that is a quick qualitative test for the presence of antigen-antibody complexes
Precipitin ring test
A type of immunoprecipitation that involves the simultaneous migration of antigens and antibodies toward each other through an agar gel matrix
Gel precipitation test
Almost similar to precipitation which involves the agitation of the suspension of non-cellular antigens and their antibodies thus producing a flocculent mass or precipitate
Flocculation
The number of multivalent sites of antigen and antibody are approximately equal
Zone of equivalence
Phenomenon that refers to the diffusion of antigen and/or antibodies until the antigen and antibodies meet in the correct proportion and then precipitate out of solution
Immunodiffusion
Earliest gel precipitation techniques
Single Linear Immunodiffusion
Single Linear Immunodiffusion is developed by ___
James Oudin
End point method of single radial immunodiffusion
Mancini method
Kinetic method of single radial immunodiffusion
Fahey and McKelvey
A precipitation technique where the antigen and antibody are placed parallel to each other and diffuse through a gel medium until they meet at an equivalence ratio
Double simple immunodiffusion
AKA double diffusion, double immunodiffusion, or double angular immunodiffusion
Ouchterlony method
Ouchterlony method is based on diffusion of how many reagents?
Three
Rocket immunoelectrophoresis is developed by ___
Laurell
AKA voltage facilitated double immunodiffusion
Counter immunoelectrophoresis
Immunofixation electrophoresis was first described by ___
Alper and Johnson
Sample used in immunofixation electrophoresis in multiple sclerosis diagnosis
CSF
Sample used in immunofixation electrophoresis in multiple myeloma
Urine
If an immunofixation electrophoresis has a faint band, this is indicative of ___
Hypogammaglobulinemia
If an immunofixation electrophoresis has a dark band, this is indicative of ___
Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia
If an immunofixation electrophoresis has a dark and narrow band, this is indicative of ___
Monoclonal bands (MM, WM)
Serologic principle involving the aggregation of particulate antigens in the presence of a specific antibodies
Agglutination
Agglutination reaction that uses known antigen intrinsic in clinical sample or from unknown samples of microorganisms
Direct agglutination
Principle of widal test
Direct agglutination
Principle of rheumatoid factor test
Indirect/ Passive agglutination
Agglutination reaction that uses known antigen which has been coated with particles to detect unknown antibodies
Indirect/ Passive agglutination
Indirect agglutination that utilizes a known antigen that coats on latex or other inert particles to identify antibodies on a patient’s serum
Classic passive agglutination
Indirect agglutination wherein the antibody is covalently linked to the carrier particle and mixed with a patient’s serum in order to detect the presence of the unknown antigen or other immune factors
Reverse passive agglutination
An agglutination reaction based on competitive binding assay
Agglutination-inhibition reaction
An agglutination reaction wherein a known antibody is made to react with serum to detect presence of antigens then antigen-coated latex particle is added to check for sensitization
Agglutination-inhibition reaction
A type of serologic reaction wherein specific antibodies as they bind to their corresponding antigens are able to block the chemical activity of biologic effects of the antigen
Neutralization
First phase of complement fixation test
Bacteriolytic phase
In the bacteriolytic phase of complement fixation test, the reagent is ___
Bacteria coated with antigen
In the bacteriolytic phase of complement fixation test, the complement is sourced from ___
Guinea pig serum
In the indicator phase of complement fixation test, the reagent is ___
Sheep RBC with anti-sheep RBC
Electrophoretic counterpart of Oudin test
Rocket immunoelectrophoresis
