Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MT6326 > S1 [LAB]: GLOSSARY > Flashcards

S1 [LAB]: GLOSSARY Flashcards

1
Q

A laboratory technique that involves the removal of antibodies by the use of a specific antigen (i.e., red blood cell surface antigen)

A

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The proximity or closeness of a value to the true value

A

Accuracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Incurred due to external factors and is not inherited

A

Acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal serum constituents that increase or decrease in the presence of an infection, injury, or trauma to tissues; associated with inflammatory reactions

A

Acute-phase proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A substance added to vaccines to potentiate or enhance the immune response of the recipient

A

Adjuvant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of adjuvant

A

Alum
Freund’s adjuvant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The key enzyme in the glycolytic cycle of Plasmodium parasite

A

Aldolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A process of attachment of one substance to the surface of another; attachment of an antibody to a specific antigen receptor on a cell surface

A

Adsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Binding strength between an antigenic determinant (epitope) and its complementary site (paratope) in the Fab region of the antibody

A

Affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Absence of all immunoglobulins in the serum

A

Agammaglobulinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aggregation or clumping of cellular or particulate antigens to their corresponding antisera containing antibodies

A

Agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An antibody capable of causing agglutination with multivalent surface antigens

A

Agglutinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Agglutinin usually belongs to which antibody class?

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A particulate or cellular antigen involved in agglutination or aggregaration

A

Agglutinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

An enzyme that liberates the inorganic phosphates from phosphate esters

A

Alkaline phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F: Alkaline phosphatase is used as an indicator label in immunoassays

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An alternative form of a gene at a particular locus or specific position on a chromosome

A

Allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

An antigen that triggers an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction

A

Allergen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An adjuvant commonly added to human vaccines

A

Alum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An anti-sheep red blood cell antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep red blood cells in the presence of complement

A

Amboceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A rapid rise in the immunoglobulin concentration following subsequent exposure to an antigen

A

Anamnestic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Also known as a secondary immune response or booster response

A

Anamnestic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An immunoglobulin formed in response to an antigen

A

Antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Highest dilution factor of a sample that still results in a visible reaction

A

Antibody titer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Any substance that, when introduced into the body, stimulates antibody production

A

Antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Union of an antibody with its homologous antigen

A

Antigen-antibody complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Accessory cells present in tissues the process antigens and display fragments on the cell surface in association with a Class II MHC molecules; examples include dendritic cells and macrophages

A

Antigen-presenting cells (APC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Number of antigenic determinants on an antigen

A

Antigen valency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A specific region of an antigen that is recognized by the B- or T-cell receptors

A

Antigenic determinant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Ability of a substance to react with immune products

A

Antigenicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

An autoimmune antibody directed against a nuclear component; usually seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

A

Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

An antibody produced against streptolysin O

A

Antistreptolysin O (ASO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

ASO is produced by which specific group of bacteria?

A

Group A Streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Suppressor and cytotoxic T-cells capable of recognizing and killing B-cells infected by viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus

A

Atypical lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Atypical lymphocytes are also known as ___

A

Reactive lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Former name of the hepatitis B surface antigen

A

Australia antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The condition in which an immune response is initiated by “self” antigens

A

Autoimmunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The sum total binding strength between an antigen and an antibody

A

Avidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

A lymphocyte that originated from the bone marrow; cells of the adaptive immune response that possess surface antibodies that are specific to an epitope

A

B-cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

A protein not normally present in human blood but is present in a wide variety of inflammatory reactions

A

C-reactive protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Characterized by their ability to react with the C-polysaccharide component of pneumococci

A

C-reactive protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

A substance composed of fresh beef heart extract combined with lecithin and cholesterol

A

Cardiolipin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Immunity that is dependent on T-cells and phagocytic cells

A

Cell-mediated immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The movement of cells such as neutrophils toward a stimulus

A

Chemotaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Cell surface markers that are employed for immunophenotyping cells particularly lymphocytes

A

Cluster of designation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Cluster of designation is also known as ___

A

Cluster of differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Agglutinins that belong to the IgM class and are active at 4C but not at 37C

A

Cold agglutinins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

A humoral mechanism of non-specific immune responses of at least 14 components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation, resulting in cell lysis

A

Complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Former name of complement

A

Alexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The process of binding of complement in a reaction with an antigen and antibody

A

Complement fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

A substance that is similar to the patient sample that is used to monitor the precision of analytical tests

52
Q

A protein molecule secreted by leukocytes that regulate immune response

53
Q

A hemagglutination test that defines the characteristics of the heterophile antibody through guinea pig and beef cell antigens

A

Davidsohn differential test

54
Q

The most common procedure for the separation of lymphocytes

A

Density gradient centrifugation

55
Q

A fluid containing antibodies deliberately removed from red blood cells

56
Q

A ligand assay that employs an enzyme label, and the binding reagent is an antibody

A

Enzyme immunoassay

57
Q

A specific region of antigen that is recognized by B-cell or T-cell

58
Q

A point of dilution in a serologic reaction in which there is maximal binding of the antigen and antibody as seen in precipitation reactions

A

Equivalence point

59
Q

Agglutinating antibodies that are produced in response to microorganisms that induce fever

A

Febrile agglutinins

60
Q

A type of precipitation that occurs over a narrow range of antigen concentration

A

Flocculation

61
Q

Flocculation involves the aggregation of colloidal particles described as a ___ or ___

A

Fleecy mass
Clump

62
Q

A heterophile antibody that is found in serum samples of most normal individuals

A

Forssman antibody

63
Q

A substance that absorbs Forssman and serum sickness antibodies

A

Guinea pig kidney antigen

64
Q

Flagellar antigens

65
Q

A small non-immunogenic molecule that can function as an epitope if bound to a carrier molecule

66
Q

Agglutination of red blood cells

A

Hemagglutination

67
Q

A substance that causes agglutination of erythrocytes

A

Hemagglutinin

68
Q

Rupturing or lysis of red blood cells and the subsequent release of their contents into the surrounding fluid

69
Q

Ruptured erythrocytes

70
Q

Antibodies that are produced n an individual in response to an antigen that will also react with another unrelated antigen

A

Heterophile antibodies

71
Q

A retrovirus that causes disease affecting the immune system; etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency disease

A

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

72
Q

Adaptive immunity that involves the production of antibodies

A

Humoral immunity

73
Q

A reaction that demonstrated a specific antibody response to an antigen

A

Immune response

74
Q

A condition that is resistant to an infection

75
Q

A laboratory method employed for the qualitative or quantitative detection of antibodies

A

Immunodiffusion

76
Q

An antigen capable of stimulating an immune response

77
Q

Outside the body; observable in a test tube

78
Q

Within a living organism

79
Q

The process in which complement activity in a serum is nullified by heating

A

Inactivation

80
Q

The total reaction of a body against an injury or invasion

A

Inflammation

81
Q

Capsular antigen

82
Q

A structure that forms when a multivalent antigen binds to an antibody in optimal or maximal proportions

83
Q

A molecules that binds or forms a complex with a biologic molecule such as receptors, proteins, or antibodies

84
Q

An antibody that causes the dissolution of cells

85
Q

A collection of structural genes that code for proteins that cans serve as antigen-presenting molecules in cell-mediated immunity as well as proteins needed in tissue transplantation

A

Major histocompatibility complex

86
Q

Refers to the presence of multiple copies of the same epitope within the same antigen

A

Multivalent

87
Q

An antigen-antibody reaction in which the reactive effect of a particular antigen is nullified by a specific antibody

A

Neutralization

88
Q

A qualitative test to determine defects in the NADPH oxidase

A

Nitroblue tetrazolium test

89
Q

Employed in the detection of chronic granulomatous disease

A

Nitroblue tetrazolium test

90
Q

Non-specific antibodies detected in patients with syphilis

A

Non-treponemal antibodies

91
Q

Examples of non-treponemal antibodies

A

Reagin
Wasserman antibodies

92
Q

Somatic antigen

93
Q

A molecule that attaches itself to microorganisms or antigens to enhance phagocytosis

94
Q

The process wherein the antibody coats an antigen to allow a more effective phagocytosis

A

Opsonization

95
Q

Serum samples obtained from patients during the acute and convalescent phase

A

Paired sera

96
Q

Used to determine if there is a significant antibody titer increase

A

Paired sera

97
Q

Related to all or every or a large group

A

Panspecific

98
Q

An antibody that has a capability of recognizing different isoforms of protein

A

Panspecific

99
Q

A process wherein phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, engulf or “eat” microbes or particulate matter

A

Phagocytosis

100
Q

The fluid matrix of unclotted blood

101
Q

A weak or negative antigen-antibody reaction that occurs when there is an antigen excess in the presence of a relatively low amount of antibody

A

Postzone reaction

102
Q

An antigen-antibody reaction between a soluble antigen and an antibody that produces an insoluble precipitate

A

Precipitation

103
Q

An antibody that interacts with a soluble antigen

A

Precipitin

104
Q

The antibody class usually involved with precipitin

105
Q

Tests that involve a specific recognition and interaction of an antigen to its corresponding antibody

A

Primary tests

106
Q

T/F: Primary tests are most sensitive than secondary tests

A

Secondary tests

107
Q

A weak or negative antigen-antibody reaction that occurs when serum containing antibodies is in excess in the presence of a relatively low amount of antigen

A

Prozone reaction

108
Q

An immunologic test that employs radioisotopes as labels for antigens or antibodies, complements, or other reactants

A

Radioimmunoassay

109
Q

An antibody-like substance produced in response to certain tissue invasion and destruction such as in syphilis

110
Q

An IgM antibody produced in patients which binds to the Fc portion of IgG

A

Rheumatoid factor

111
Q

A process in which cells, such as RBCs, are coated with incomplete or blocking antibodies such as igG

A

Sensitization

112
Q

T/F: Sensitization results to agglutination

113
Q

A progressively higher dissolution of a substance arranged in a definite sequence or series

A

Serial dilution

114
Q

The detection of a specific antibody in the serum of an individual whose antibody was previously undetectable

A

Seroconversion

115
Q

A branch of biology that deals with the study of antigens and antibodies and their biologic relationships

116
Q

The fluid matrix of clotted blood

117
Q

A type of hypersensitivity reaction that involves the giving of non-human gamma globulins immunization

A

Serum sickness

118
Q

A special affinity between an antigen and its corresponding antibody

A

Specificity

119
Q

A property of B- and T-cell receptors to recognize only one epitope

A

Specificity

120
Q

A thymus-derived lymphocyte involved in cell-mediated immunity

121
Q

A biomarker found in elevated levels of body fluids in patients with neoplasms

A

Tumor markers

122
Q

Employed for monitoring the progression of neoplasms

A

Tumor markers

123
Q

An antibody that is active at 37C but not at 4C

A

Warm agglutinins

124
Q

Antibody class that is a warm agglutinin

125
Q

A serologic test employing cross-reacting Proteus somatic antigens employed for the diagnosis of rickettsial diseases

A

Weil-Felix test

126
Q

A febrile agglutination serologic test used to detect febrile agglutinins

A

Widal agglutination test

MT6326 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions