27 - The Soviet Union By 1941 Flashcards
Who did Stalin encourage great reverence for? What did he portray himself as continuing to do?
Lenin
Continuing Lenin’s work
What did Stalin identify Lenin loyalty as loyalty to? What had Stalin succeeded in doing by the late 1920s?
The Party
Identifying his own authority
What did opposition to Stalin seem like under his authority?
Opposition to Lenin, the Party and Revolution
What were 4 key features of Stalinist rule that were already established under Lenin?
One-party rule
Secret police
Terror
Show trials
What did Lenin say that the ruthless task of the Bolsheviks was?
“The ruthless destruction of the enemy”
What warfare did Stalin continue? What 2 groups were particularly targeted?
“Class warfare”
Kulaks & bourgoisie
How could Stalin’s rule be described as compared to Lenin’s rule?
A more developed and repressive authoritarian rule
What 2 events did the purges constitute a complete break from? What did this develop?
Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin’s regime
Stalin’s personal rule
Who did Stalin replace old Bolsheviks with? What didn’t these people have loyalty to?
Nomenklatura
Bolshevik Revolution
Who did the Nomenklatura depend on for their positions? What were 3 benefits included in their roles?
Stalin
Privileges - luxury apartments, food, cars etc.
Who was unlikely to criticise Stalin? How could the 1939 Party Congress be described from Stalin’s perspective?
Nomenklatura
Subservience
Who did Stalin rely on to implement his policies? How could the policies be moderated?
Thousands of officials
State of local conditions
What were 2 effects of Stalin’s policies in Russia?
Corruption
Elimination
What transformation had the Soviet Union undergone by 1941? What kind of society was the Union becoming?
Economic transformation
An industrialised, urban society
What did the development of industries and infrastructure enable Russia to withstand?
Nazi Germany
What goods production was neglected? What failed to recover from the collectivisation crisis?
Consumer goods
Agriculture
By 1941, what was being produced at a lesser extent than under the NEP?
Grain
Where did nearly all peasants work and live by 1941? Who were they supervised by?
Kolkhoz
Officials
What was scarce in the Kolkhoz? What was overcrowded?
Food
Housing
What conditions became harsher in the late 1930s? What was prioritised?
Living/working conditions
Rearmament
What had become hierarchical in Russian society? What was unequal?
Class
Class burden
What 2 divisions were there in Russia's class system? What were Stakhanovites rewarded with?
Privileged elite
Workers
Higher pay
What does Historian John Gooding state about industrial production by 1940?
“It was about 3x what it had been at the start of the 1st FYP”
