14 - Radical Opposition Flashcards
What ideology seemed far off in Russia by 1894? What did the Great Famine revive?
Marxism
Rural socialism
When were the SRs established? What 2 ideologies did it combine?
1901
Marxism and Populism
Who edited the SRs journal? What was it called?
Chernov
Revolutionary Russia
How many political assassinations did the SRs carry out from 1901-05? What key figure was assassinated in 1911?
2,000
Stolypin
How many SRs were executed from 1901-11?
2,000
What ideology gained more support as industrialisation increased?
Marxism
Who established the first Marxist association in 1883? What was it called?
Plekhanov
“Emancipation of Labour”
What did Emancipation of Labour smuggle into Russia? What did this encourage?
Marxist literature
The overthrow of Tsarism
What key figure did Marxism attract in 1901? Why was he attracted to Marxism?
Ulyanov - Lenin
He was a St Petersburg Law student
Where was Lenin exiled to in 1895? When was he released?
Siberia
1900
When were the SDs founded? What was elected three-man?
1898
Central Committee
What 2 things did Lenin write to SDs while exiled in Switzerland?
Iskra - “the spark”
What is to be done? - pamphlet
Whose disagreements split ranks in 1903?
Lenin and Martov
Whose followers became Bolsheviks? Whose followers became Mensheviks?
Lenin’s
Martov’s
What kind of party did the Bolsheviks want? Who did they want?
Small and disciplined party
Professional revolutionaries
What kind of party did the Mensheviks want?
Democratic and open
Who did the Bolsheviks refuse to work with? Who did this juxtapose?
Other parties and trade unions
Mensheviks
What did the Bolsheviks believe about the bourgeois and proletarian revolutions? What did the Mensheviks believe?
They could occur simultaneously
Proletarian revolution should take place first
What did SRs and SDs both reject? What did they call for?
The October Manifesto
General strike
Who organised the General Strike? When did it take place?
St Petersburg Soviet
November 1905
Who had no clear leader post-1905? Who was exiled to Siberia?
Radical opposition
Trotsky
Where did Lenin flee to after 1905?
Finland
What did the government still fear after 1905? What from specifically?
Opposition
Trade unions
What did the government fail to pacify? Until what date was Tsarism not in grave danger?
Working-class discontent 1914
What does Historian Edward Acton state about Marxism in the 1890s?
“Marxism caught on among young radicals with remarkable speed”
