16 - The Collapse Of Tsarist Autocracy, February/March 1917, And The Establishment Of The Provisional Government Flashcards
What 2 factors produced a workers’ revolution in winter 1917? Where did it take place?
Starvation and desperation
Petrograd
How many workers demonstrated in Petrograd on the 9th January 1917? What anniversary was this?
150,000
12 years since Bloody Sunday
How many workers were on strike on Valentine’s Day 1917? What did the Duma demand?
100,000 from 58 factories
Tsar abdication
What news was delivered on 19th February 1917? What 2 things did this cause?
Rationing began in March
Panic buying and violence
How many workers went on strike from Putilov from the 22nd February 1917?
20,000
What march was swelled by other events on 23rd February 1917? How many people called for bread and reform?
International Women’s Day march
200,000
What grew more menacing from 24th-25th February 1917? Why?
Demonstrations
Increasing calls for Tsarism overthrow
What did Nicholas II order the use of on 26th February 1917? What did he order to close?
Troops
Duma
What group joined protestors on the 27th February 1917? What Soviet was created?
Petrograd garrison
Petrograd Soviet
Where did Nicholas II leave to head to Petrograd on the 28th February 1917? Who was arrested under the newly established Provisional Committee?
Military HQ
Ministers
What new Order did the Petrograd Soviet issue on the 28th February 1917? What did this proclaim?
Order #1
Soviet authority
What did the Duma and Soviet agree to support the creation of on the 1st March 1917?
Provisional Government
Who did the Tsar abdicate in favour of on the 2nd March 1917? Who was he encouraged by?
His brother - Grand Duke Mikhail
Ministers and generals
What 2 groups were left in charge after Mikhail refused the throne on the 3rd March 1917? Who was placed under house arrest?
Provisional Government and Petrograd Soviet
Tsar and his family
Who were the Tsar and his family murdered by in July 1918?
Bolsheviks
What happened after the Tsar’s abdication? Who was in charge?
Russia was left with two sets of authorities
Provisional Government and Petrograd Soviet
What did the Soviet agree to temporarily? What was drawn up that changed this?
Provisional Government’s authority
Constituent assembly
What was the arrangement of the constituent assembly also known as?
Dual power
Who became Prime Minister of the Provisional Government? What 2 main groups did the government compromise of?
Prince Lvov
Octobrists and Kadets
Who was the only socialist of the Provisional Government? What executive Soviet committee did he previously sit on?
Kerensky
Petrograd Soviet
What did the Petrograd Soviet compromise of? What did the Soviet act as?
Radicals
A “guardian” of rights
What liberties did the Provisional Government and Soviet accept? What did they create for political prisoners?
Civil liberties
Amnesties
What punishment, along with exile, did the Provisional Government and Soviet abolish? Who did they appoint to the judiciary?
Capital punishment
Independent judges
Why did the Provisional Government and Soviet often conflict? What was an example of this?
Views on different issues
War
What did the Provisional Government continue to fight in? What did this lead to?
The Great War
Mass demonstrations
What did countryside peasants seize during the War? What were food supplies like in cities?
Land
Chaotic
What type of wages fell in cities? What rose as a result?
Real wages
Prices
How much support was left for the Provisional Government by the summer of 1917?
Little
What does Historian John Gooding say the overthrow of Tsarism was largely the work of?
“The overthrow of Tsarism was largely the work of unorganised masses in cities”
