23 - Industrialisation And Collectivisation Flashcards
What did the FYPs set high targets for? What were these targets broken down into geographically?
Industry
Regions and factories
What would happen if targets were not met? What did this pressurise in the workplace?
Arrest, prison or worse
Quantity over quality
What did propaganda portray target plans as? What was the Soviet Union to become?
A final blow to capitalism
A massive, industrial power
What type of industry was emphasised in the first 3 FYPs? What are some examples of this industry?
Heavy industry
Oil, coal and steel
What happened to the 1932 targets in 1929? What was achieved despite the fact no targets were ever reached?
They were increased
Increases in big production
What output trebled by 1932?
Electricity
What amount was the 1932 target for coal? What was achieved?
75 million tons
64 million tons
What amount was the 1932 target for oil? What was achieved?
- 7 million tons
21. 4 million tons
What amount was the 1932 target for iron ore? What was achieved?
- 2 million tons
12. 1 million tons
What amount was the 1932 target for pig iron? What was achieved?
10 million tons
6.2 million tons
What was maintained in production through the 1930s? What goods were neglected?
Growth
Consumer goods
What military idea was prioritised in the 1930s? Why?
Rearmament
Fear of war was increasing
Where was an industrial complex built in the 1930s? How long did it take to build?
Magnitogorsk
A few years
What Dam was constructed that improved electricity production? How much did production improve?
Dnieprostroi Dam
500%
What was the huge cost of new infrastructure? Who mostly suffered?
Human lives
Displaced peasants
What conditions deteriorated for Soviet workers? What was the main reason for this?
Living conditions
The rise of an urban population
What primary aim did Stalin succeed in during the 1930s? Who did he defeat in WW2?
Making the Soviet Union a powerhouse
Nazi Germany
When was the first FYP? When was the second?
1928-32
1933-37
When was the third FYP? When was the fourth?
1938-41
1946-50
When was the fifth FYP? When was the sixth?
1951-55
1956-60
When was the seventh and final FYP?
1959-65
What happened to several villages resulting from collectivisation? What happened to all equipment and livestock?
They were amalgamated
It was pooled
What was procured under collectivisation? What 2 reasons saw this?
Grain
To feed the workforce
To pay for imports of equipment
What activists implemented collectivisation? Who were they backed by?
Communist Party members
Secret police and soldiers
Why did Stalin destroy the Kulaks?
To force peasants into submission
Who suffered from increased state control? What were they classed as if they opposed forced collectivisation?
Peasants
“Kulaks”
How many peasants had been collectivised by March 1930? How much since 1939?
50%
90%
What was being burned and killed in opposition to collectivisation?
Crops and livestock
How were many collectives being ran by farmers? Why?
Ineffectively
Little knowledge
What production declined as a consequence of collectivisation? What exports increased?
Food production
Grain exports
How many people died as a result of famine in Ukraine from 1932-33?
3 million
When did the Soviet Union finally recover pre-war levels of grain production?
1939
Why were many peasants driven off and forced into labour camps?
To build the industrial Soviet Union
What way of life was destroyed because of collectivisation? What was this life based around?
Peasants way of life
Community and Church
What does Historian Orlando Figes state that Stalin’s war on Kulaks had little to do with?
“Stalin’s war against the kulaks had little to do with economic considerations”
