23 - Industrialisation And Collectivisation

Question 1

What did the FYPs set high targets for? What were these targets broken down into geographically?

Answer 1

Industry

Regions and factories

Question 2

What would happen if targets were not met? What did this pressurise in the workplace?

Answer 2

Arrest, prison or worse

Quantity over quality

Question 3

What did propaganda portray target plans as? What was the Soviet Union to become?

Answer 3

A final blow to capitalism

A massive, industrial power

Question 4

What type of industry was emphasised in the first 3 FYPs? What are some examples of this industry?

Answer 4

Heavy industry

Oil, coal and steel

Question 5

What happened to the 1932 targets in 1929? What was achieved despite the fact no targets were ever reached?

Answer 5

They were increased

Increases in big production

Question 6

What output trebled by 1932?

Answer 6

Electricity

Question 7

What amount was the 1932 target for coal? What was achieved?

Answer 7

75 million tons

64 million tons

Question 8

What amount was the 1932 target for oil? What was achieved?

Answer 8

21. 7 million tons

21. 4 million tons

Question 9

What amount was the 1932 target for iron ore? What was achieved?

Answer 9

20. 2 million tons

12. 1 million tons

Question 10

What amount was the 1932 target for pig iron? What was achieved?

Answer 10

10 million tons

6.2 million tons

Question 11

What was maintained in production through the 1930s? What goods were neglected?

Answer 11

Growth

Consumer goods

Question 12

What military idea was prioritised in the 1930s? Why?

Answer 12

Rearmament

Fear of war was increasing

Question 13

Where was an industrial complex built in the 1930s? How long did it take to build?

Answer 13

Magnitogorsk

A few years

Question 14

What Dam was constructed that improved electricity production? How much did production improve?

Answer 14

Dnieprostroi Dam

500%

Question 15

What was the huge cost of new infrastructure? Who mostly suffered?

Answer 15

Human lives

Displaced peasants

Question 16

What conditions deteriorated for Soviet workers? What was the main reason for this?

Answer 16

Living conditions

The rise of an urban population

Question 17

What primary aim did Stalin succeed in during the 1930s? Who did he defeat in WW2?

Answer 17

Making the Soviet Union a powerhouse

Nazi Germany

Question 18

When was the first FYP? When was the second?

Answer 18

1928-32

1933-37

Question 19

When was the third FYP? When was the fourth?

Answer 19

1938-41

1946-50

Question 20

When was the fifth FYP? When was the sixth?

Answer 20

1951-55

1956-60

Question 21

When was the seventh and final FYP?

Answer 21

1959-65

Question 22

What happened to several villages resulting from collectivisation? What happened to all equipment and livestock?

Answer 22

They were amalgamated

It was pooled

Question 23

What was procured under collectivisation? What 2 reasons saw this?

Answer 23

Grain
To feed the workforce
To pay for imports of equipment

Question 24

What activists implemented collectivisation? Who were they backed by?

Answer 24

Communist Party members

Secret police and soldiers

Question 25

Why did Stalin destroy the Kulaks?

Answer 25

To force peasants into submission

Question 26

Who suffered from increased state control? What were they classed as if they opposed forced collectivisation?

Answer 26

Peasants

“Kulaks”

Question 27

How many peasants had been collectivised by March 1930? How much since 1939?

Answer 27

50%

90%

Question 28

What was being burned and killed in opposition to collectivisation?

Answer 28

Crops and livestock

Question 29

How were many collectives being ran by farmers? Why?

Answer 29

Ineffectively

Little knowledge

Question 30

What production declined as a consequence of collectivisation? What exports increased?

Answer 30

Food production

Grain exports

Question 31

How many people died as a result of famine in Ukraine from 1932-33?

Answer 31

3 million

Question 32

When did the Soviet Union finally recover pre-war levels of grain production?

Answer 32

1939

Question 33

Why were many peasants driven off and forced into labour camps?

Answer 33

To build the industrial Soviet Union

Question 34

What way of life was destroyed because of collectivisation? What was this life based around?

Answer 34

Peasants way of life

Community and Church

Question 35

What does Historian Orlando Figes state that Stalin’s war on Kulaks had little to do with?

Answer 35

“Stalin’s war against the kulaks had little to do with economic considerations”