15 - Political Authority, Opposition And The State Of Russia In Wartime, 1914-17

Question 1

What date did Germany declare war on Russia? What surged Russia?

Answer 1

19/07/14

Patriotism

Question 2

What credits did the Duma vote for? What ceased?

Answer 2

War credits

Strikes

Question 3

What Union was created in 1914? What 2 things was it created for?

Answer 3

An All-Russian Zemstvo Union

Relief of Sick and Wounded Soldiers

Question 4

Who was President of the All-Russian Zemstvo Union? What class was he?

Answer 4

Prince Lvov

Kadet

Question 5

What was St Petersburg renamed as in August 1914? Why?

Answer 5

Petrograd

To sound less German

Question 6

What did the country divide into? What authority was suspended?

Answer 6

Military zones

Civilian authority

Question 7

What invasion in August 1914 met strong German resistance?

Answer 7

East Prussia

Question 8

What battle took place in August 1914? How many Russian soldiers died?

Answer 8

Battle of Tannenburg

300,000

Question 9

What battle took place in September 1914?

Answer 9

Battle of Masurian Lakes

Question 10

Where did 2 Russian retreats take place? What reports soon came out after?

Answer 10

Germany and Austria

Lack of raw materials

Question 11

What did the Zemstva resent? Why?

Answer 11

Loss of authority

They were doing more medical relief than the government

Question 12

What industries assumed responsibility for supplies in the absence of Tsarist action? What did this encourage?

Answer 12

Local and national industries

Political ambitions

Question 13

What did the Zemstva and Duma accuse the government of?

Answer 13

Incompetence

Question 14

What did the Duma form in August 1915? What did they demand?

Answer 14

Progressive bloc

A constitutional monarchy

Question 15

What role did the Tsar take over in August 1915? What did he lack?

Answer 15

Commander-in-chief

Military experience

Question 16

How many men were mobilised by the government between 1914-17? What weren’t they provided with?

Answer 16

15 million

Appropriate equipment

Question 17

What offensive was Nicholas II held responsible for? When did this take place?

Answer 17

Brusilov offensive

June-August 1916

Question 18

What 2 things contributed to the Brusilov defeat?

Answer 18

Lack of trained officers

Small railway network

Question 19

Which 2 outsiders had influence over appointments in Russia? Why was this?

Answer 19

Alexandra and Rasputin

Nicholas’ absence

Question 20

What rumours spread about Alexandra and Rasputin?

Answer 20

They were sabotaging the Russian war effort

Question 21

Who was Rodzianko? What did he warn Nicholas II about?

Answer 21

4th Duma President

The rumours about Rasputin and Alexandra

Question 22

Who assassinated Rasputin? When was he assassinated?

Answer 22

Prince Yusupov

December 1916

Question 23

How much did costs rise in Russia between 1914-18?

Answer 23

1.5m roubles to 14.5m roubles

Question 24

Why did production slump in Russia?

Answer 24

Conscription

Question 25

Why was industrial capacity lost? In what 2 areas did trade end following naval blockades?

Answer 25

Germans overran Western Europe

Baltic/Black Sea trades

Question 26

Why was distribution an issue? What was this disrupted by?

Answer 26

Small railway network

Fuel shortage

Question 27

Who were railways prioritised to? What did this mean for civilians?

Answer 27

The military

Food would rot before it got to them

Question 28

Why was hoarding grain ineffective? What did workers suffer from?

Answer 28

There was nothing to buy after the war

Unemployment

Question 29

Why did non-military factories close?

Answer 29

Lack of raw materials

Question 30

How much did living rates increase in Petrograd? What escalated in Petrograd?

Answer 30

300%

Strikes

Question 31

What does Historian Edward Acton say about social tension?

Answer 31

“Political developments directly reflected mounting social tension”