2.6.1 Stages of Development

Question 1

Mary Ainsworth – Attachment Theory

Answer 1

This theory explains that the relationship an infant has with its caregiver in early child development greatly affects its behaviour throughout the rest of its life.

Question 2

Types of attachment

Answer 2

Secure attachment
Avoidant attachment
Resistant attachment

Question 3

Resistant attachment

Answer 3

• Is when the parent is sometimes caring and sometimes indifferent; inconsistent with how much attention it gives
• Results in the child having low self-esteem and act out emotionally for attention

Question 4

Avoidant attachment

Answer 4

• Forms when the infant is given no attention by the caregiver.
• Results in the child feeling as if they are unworthy and unacceptable
• Ignoring the baby when it’s crying
• Leaving the child unattended for long periods of time
• Screaming at the baby
• CAUSES: Low-self esteem
  Depression
  Problems with making friends

Question 5

Secure attachment

Answer 5

• Forms when caregiver is emotionally available and takes care of the child
• Results in a child with positive emotional development in later life
• Playing with the baby
  Responding to its needs

CAUSES:
- Good self-image
- Loving connection with guardian

Question 6

Sigmund Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development

Answer 6

Sigmund Freud’s theory is based on the idea of children focusing on different types of pleasures as they mature. They go through stages while they grow up, but they may become fixated in one stage, which will affect their behaviour in their adulthood.

Question 7

Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 7

ean Piaget’s observations led him to create his stages of cognitive development theory. In each stage, he lists the expected cognitive abilities of people in certain age groupings. As people grow older, they progressively move through these stages and further develop.

Question 8

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 8

/conflictsErikson’s stages of psychosocial development outline the developmental tasks that must be resolved during the 8 stages that a healthy developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage also builds on the successful completion of other stages.

Question 9

Mindy Bingham and Sandy Stryker’s Stages of Socio-Emotional Development for Girls

Answer 9

how society influences personalities and how young girls develop. It also outlines the fact females develop earlier than males, and then the males catch up later on in their life. To demonstrate this theory, they created a 5 stage model for girls based on Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.

Question 10

Harry Harlow’s Attachment Theory

Answer 10

• Studying primates is the best way to understand human behaviour due to similarities and the small genetic differences
• Using the Surrogate Mother experiment
• They used chimps and took one mother chimp’s child away from them before the child could bond with the mother
• The monkeys were kept in cages with 2 different fake wired made mothers. One in tan terry cloth and one in the form of a bottle. The young monkeys preferred the cloth mother when feeling anxious.

Question 11

nature vs nurture: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer 11

behaviour is from e brain’s natural developmental process, Piaget’s theory is linked to___Nature____.

Question 12

nature vs nuture: Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Answer 12

As social interaction is the key to development according to Erikson, his theory is an example of ____Nuture___ affecting our behaviour.

Question 13

nature vs nuture: Mary Ainsworth’s Attachment Styles

Answer 13

• She theorized that these attachments form based on the interactions we have with caregivers…which makes this a __Nuture_____ example.
• Our behaviour as adults has been impacted by the ____Nuture___ we received as children.