2.5 Language Acquisition/ Factors Influencing Individual Behaviour

Question 1

B.F. Skinner

Answer 1

• Belives in nuture
  Believed language was developed by set habits
• The person learning the langauge is at a blank state and have no knowledge
• Language development comes from operant conditioning

Question 2

Reinforcement

Answer 2

Strengthens Behaviour

Question 3

positive Reinforcement

Answer 3

• adding something (stimulus) to increase behaviour.

Question 4

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 4

• Taking something away to increase behaviour

Question 5

Punishment

Answer 5

Reduces Behaviour

Question 6

Positive Punishment

Answer 6

• Adding something negative to decrease unwanted behaviour.

Question 7

Negative Punishment

Answer 7

• Taking something away to decrease unwanted behaviour.

Question 8

Examaple of stimulus and rspose

Answer 8

Stimulus – Baby sees mother enter a room
Response – Baby says “Mama!”
Event – Parent is ecstatic and hugs the child = positive reinforcemen
Since the response is pleasant, “Mama” becomes a conditioned response to mother entering the room (stimulus)
- SKinner belives experinces and habitis is how langauge (verbal and non-verbal) is devolped

Question 9

Noam Chomsky

Answer 9

• Humans are born with language acquisition device
• Chomsky believes that our ability to learn language is built in from birth
• Experiences activate this internal ability
• Nature (biological factors) have greater impact than nurture (life experiences)

Question 10

Behaviourism

Answer 10

skinner
: principle → say what I say

Question 11

Nativism:

Answer 11

chomsky
principle → it is all in your mind

Question 12

Support for Chomsky Theory

Answer 12

• Children of all cultures acquire languages in the same manner
• There are specialized areas of the brain that are used for language
• The child does not need a trigger to begin speaking
  Children go through stages of language acquisition in which they discover certain parts of the language
• ther ei soptimal age to leran lanaguage

Question 13

The Brain

Answer 13

Broca’s Area
Wernicke’s Area

Question 14

Broca’s Area

Answer 14

Responsible for speech production, language processing and language comprehension
Left side of the brain is usually responsible for language and this is larger in size

Question 15

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 15

Involved in the comprehension of spoken language

Question 16

Chomsky vs. B.F Skinner

Answer 16

chomsky’s Theory of Nativism contradicts B.F. Skinner’s Theory of Behaviorism
Skinner states that children acquire the ability to understand and speak a language through exposure to their environment
Chomsky believes that it is born with it
B.F. Skinner believes in nurture
Chomsky believes in nature

Question 17

Oxana Malaya

Answer 17

raised by dogs
become a dog and acted like them
realtes to skinner stheory wher ethe enviornet we grow up in impacts our langauge and behviour

Question 18

Factors Influencing Individual Behaviour

Answer 18

Communication and Nature vs Nurture
Language Acquisition

Question 19

nature vs nurture:Language Acquisition - Noam Chomsky

Answer 19

we come born with a brain ready to learn language, it is most strongly linked to __Nature___. However, there is also a __Nuture____ link, as without exposure to language in childhood, the language acquisition device is never activated and we do not learn language

Question 20

nature vs nurture: Language Acquisition - BF Skinner

Answer 20

Since Skinner thought language acquisition was entirely the result of external exposure, his ideas are clearly aligned with ___nuture____.