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Health Ass Terms > 25 - Neurological > Flashcards

25 - Neurological Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system (CNS):

A

brain + spinal chord

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2
Q

Frontal lobe

A

personality, behaviour, emotion, intellectual function. Contains brocas area + precentral gyrus (primary motor area)

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3
Q

Parietal lobe

A

sensation. Contants postcentral gyrus (primary sensory area)

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4
Q

Occipital lobe

A

visual reception

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5
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

hearing, taste, smell. Contains Wenike’s area

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6
Q

Cerebellum

A

motor coordination, equilibrium, balance

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7
Q

Wenike’s area

A

associated with language comprehension

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8
Q

Brocas area

A

mediates the motor speach

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9
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

grey matter that initate/coordinates movement

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10
Q

Thalamus

A

relay station. Sensory pathways form synapses on way to cerebral cortex

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11
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Major respiratory center. Regulate temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, sleep, appitte

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12
Q

Spinal Cord

A

mediates posture control, urination and pain responce

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13
Q

Crossed representation

A

left cerebral cortex receives sensory info from and controls motor function to the right side of the body and vice versa.

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14
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

sensory fibers that transmit sensations of pain, temperature, touch.

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15
Q

Posterior (dorsal) column

A

conduct sensation for localized touch (seriognosis), position and vibration, proprioception. Enter dorsal root medulla thallmus sensory cortex

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16
Q

Corticospinal or pyramidal tract

A

voluntary puposfull movementment (like writing).

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17
Q

Extrapyramidal tracts

A

muscle tone control of body movements like gross motor movements like walking

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18
Q

Cerebellar system

A

coordinated movement, maintains posture

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19
Q

Upper motor neurons

A

in CNS, Ex. Corticospinal, Extrapyramidal tracts, corticobulbar. Diseases use ALS, MS

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20
Q

Lower motor neurons

A

in PNS, ex. Cranial nerves, spinal nerves of PNS. Diseases are spinal chord lesions, poliomucelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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21
Q

Nerve

A

bundles of fibers that exist outside of CNS

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22
Q

Reflex

A

basic defense mechanisms of the nervous system, involuntary and offer quick reaction to potential harm

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23
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Outside of the CNS
Carries input to the CNS
Delivers output from the CNS

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24
Q

Syncope

A

medical term for fainting or passing out.
sudden loss of strength and temportary loss of consciousness (fainting) caused by lack of cerebral blood flow like with low bp

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25
Q

Vertigo

A

sensation of rotational spinning

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26
Q

Screening neurological examination

A

screening on healthy patient

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27
Q

Complete neurological examination

A

done on patient with neurological concerns

28
Q

Neurological recheck examination

A

done on patients with demonstrated neurological deficts who require periodic assessments

29
Q

Corneal Reflex

A

touch coreal area with bit of cotton and it should automatically close.

30
Q

Gait

A

normally smooth, rhythmic ad effortless with swinging arms. Step length is approx.. 30cms from heel to toe

Cerebellar function
Balance tests

31
Q

Tandem walking

A

patient walks in a straight line in a heel-to-toe manner. This decreases base of support and accentuates problems with coordination

Cerebellar function
Balance tests

32
Q

Rapid Alternating Movements

A

pat knee with both palms, then flip to the back on hands and pat with those. Repeat increasing speed. Or. touch thumb to each finger on same hand then reverse firsction

Cerebellar function
Coordination and skilled movements

33
Q

Finger-to-finger Test

A

with eyes open, ask patient to touch your finger than their own nose. Move your finger to a dif location

Cerebellar function
Coordination and skilled movements

34
Q

Finger-to-Nose Test

A

ask patient to close eyes, stretch out arms then touch nose with each index figner, alternating hanfs.

Cerebellar function
Coordination and skilled movements

35
Q

Heel-to-Shin Test

A

patient lies down, places heel on the opposite knee, run it down fthe shin from knee to ankle, switch legs.

Cerebellar function
Coordination and skilled movements

36
Q

Vibration

A

close eyes, hold tuning fork at base of joint finger/big toe and ask what they feel. If they feel that the nerve is in tact. Then move up the nerve. If the nerve is intact distally it’s also intact proximally.

Posterior column tract

37
Q

Proprioception

A

with their eyes close you move their finger/toe up/down and ask which direction it’s moved

Posterior column tract

38
Q

Stereognosis

A

patients ability to recognize objects by feeling their form, size, weight with eyes closed

Posterior column tract
Tactile discrimination

39
Q

Graphesthesia

A

ability to read a number by having it traced on the skin. Close eyes then use blunt instrument to trace letters on patients palm

Posterior column tract
Tactile discrimination

40
Q

Two-point discrimination

A

patients ability to distinguish two simultaneous pinpoints on skin. Apply two points of an open paper clip lightly to skin in ever-closing distances. Distances is most sentitive in fingertips and lest sensitive in upper arms/tight/back

Posterior column tract
Tactile discrimination

41
Q

Extinction

A

simultaneously touch both sides of the body at the same point. Ask patient to state how many sensations felt. Normally both sides are felt.

Posterior column tract
Tactile discrimination

42
Q

Point location

A

touch the skin and withdraw stimulus promptly. Tell the patient to point where they were touched.

Posterior column tract
Tactile discrimination

43
Q

Clonus

A

set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle

44
Q

Hyper-reflexia

A

exaggerated reflex that occurs when the monosynaptic reflex arch is released from usually inhibiting influence of higher cortical levels.

45
Q

Hyporeflexia

A

reduced functioning of a reflex. Soemtimes reflex absent

46
Q

Biceps Reflex

A

but your thumb on bicepts tendon and stike your thumb. Normal: bicep contracts, forearm flex

47
Q

Triceps Reflex

A

strike tricepts tendon directly above elbow. Normal: forarm extension

48
Q

Brachioradialis Reflex

A

stike forarm aprox 2-3cm above radial styloid process. Normal: flexion of forearm and supination of palm (palm turns up)

49
Q

Patellar Reflex

A

stike tendion just below patella. Normal: extension of lower leg

50
Q

Achilles Reflex

A

strike achieles tendion. Normal: foot plantar flexes (push down) against your hand (you fordoflex the foot holding it up them the reflex)

51
Q

Reinforcement

A

technique to relax the muscles and enhance the response.

52
Q

Abdominal Reflex

A

lightly strike the abdomen on each side above and below the umbilicus and abdominal muscle will contract and umbilicus will deviate towards the side that’s beign tested. (doesn’t work for pregnancy/obsese)

53
Q

Cremasteric Reflex

A

lighght touch inner thigh and the testes will life up/contract. Causes the creamasteric muscle to contract.

54
Q

Plantar Reflex

A

end of reflex hammer and stoke foot from heel to ball of foot curing inwards at toe. Normal: the toe should flex Abnoraml is Babinski (dorsiflexion/extension of toe)

55
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

raise on leg and flex at knee/hip. Ask them to straighten their leg.

Normal: Discomfort behind knee.
Abnormal: Pain in hamstring/resistance to extention is seen in meningeal irritation

**also McMurry Test

56
Q

Dyskinesias

A

involuntary movement

57
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A 
Assess the functional state of the brain
Standardized assessment
Numerical value
Normal is 15
<7=coma
58
Q

fasciculation

A

Rapid, continuous twitching of resting muscle
Fine:
Occurs with lower motor neuron disease, associated with atrophy and weakness

Coarse:
Occurs with cold or fatigue

59
Q

paralysis

A

Decrease or loss of motor power
Motor nerve or muscle fibre problems
Acute causes: ex. trauma, spinal cord injury, CVA, Belly’s palsy
> Hemiplegia - being paralyzed on one side of the body
> Paraplegia - being paralyzed from the waist down
> Quadriplegia - paralysis of arms and legs
> Paresis - muscle movement has become weakened or impaired (mild/moderate)
> Monoplegia - paralysis in one limb

60
Q

Tic

A

Involuntary, compulsive, repetitive twitching of a muscle group
Neurological cause, tardive dyskinesias, Tourette’s syndrome, psychogenic cause

61
Q

myoclonus

A

Rapid, sudden jerk or a short series of jerks at fairly regular intervals
Can be mild or severe (hiccup, seizures)

62
Q

Tremor

A

Involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups
Rhythmic, back and forth movement
Disappear during sleep
May be slow or fast

63
Q

Rest Tremor

A

when the muscle is relaxed, such as when the hands are resting on the lap. With this disorder, a person’s hands, arms, or legs may shake even when they are at rest. Often, the tremor only affects the hand or fingers

Coarse and slow

Partly or completely disappears with voluntary movement

Parkinsonism

64
Q

Intention tremor

A

a rhythmic, oscillatory, and high amplitude tremor during a directed and purposeful motor movement, worsening before reaching the endpoint.

Worse with voluntary movement
Occurs with cerebellar disease and MS

Essential tremor (familial)- more common in older adults, benign

65
Q

Chorea

A

Sudden, rapid, jerky, purposeless movement involving limbs, trunk, or face
Not rhythmic or repetitive
More compulsive than a tic
Huntington’s

66
Q

Athetosis

A

Slow, twisting, writhing, continuous movement
Resembles a snake or worm
Cerebral Palsy

Health Ass Terms (30 decks)

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