19 - Lungs

Question 1

Thoracis cage

Answer 1

sternum + 12 thoracic vertebrae + diaphragm + 12 pairs of ribs

Question 2

Mediastinum

Answer 2

middle section of thoracic cavity. Contains esophagus, trachea, heart, great vessels

Question 3

Pleural cavity

Answer 3

contains lungs, has negative pressure that holds lungs tightly against the chest and location on sides of the mediastinum

Question 4

Pleurae

Answer 4

can be visceral, parietal or pleural cavity

form envelope between the lungs and chest wall , contains lubricating fluid that prevents friction when lungs move

Question 5

Respiratory Dead Space

Answer 5

in these areas gas exchange doesn’t occur, holds about 150mL of gas. Contains, mouth, nose, Larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 6

Acinus

Answer 6

functional respiratory unit that consists of broncials, alveolar ducts, alveoli sacs and alveoli

Question 7

Visceral pleura

Answer 7

lines the outside of the lungs, dipping down into the fissures

Question 8

Parietal pleura

Answer 8

lines the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm

Question 9

hypercapnia

Answer 9

increase in CO2 in the blood (causes increase in respirations)

Question 10

hypoxia

Answer 10

decrease in O2 in the blood

Question 11

respiratory centre

Answer 11

in brain stem (pons/medulla)

Question 12

Kyphosis

Answer 12

bending of spine like a humpback. Asossiated with aging like dowagers hump

Question 13

Scoliosis

Answer 13

sideways curving of the spine

Question 14

Surfactant

Answer 14

are compounds that lower the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids. Used to decrease friction between lung and wall

Question 15

Atelectasis

Answer 15

a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung. It occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated or possibly filled with alveolar flui

Question 16

Crepitis:

Answer 16

coarse crackiling sensation that’s palpable over skins surface

Question 17

Resonance

Answer 17

low-pitched, clear, hollow sound over HEALTHY lung tissue

Question 18

Hyperresonance

Answer 18

lower-pitched, booming sound… too much air (emphysema, pneumothorax)

Question 19

Dull note

Answer 19

soft, muffled thud… abnormal density in the lungs (pneumonia, pleural effusion, atelectasis, tumour)

Question 20

Consolidation

Answer 20

occurs when the air that usually fills the small airways in your lungs is replaced with something else. Depending on the cause, the air may be replaced with: a fluid, such as pus, blood, or water. a solid, such as stomach contents or cells

Question 21

Orthopnea

Answer 21

difficulty breathing in supine position (state number of pillow needed for comfort)

Question 22

CPAP

Answer 22

continuous positive airway pressure

Question 23

Crackles

Answer 23

Crackles: Popping lung sounds (woodburning in fireplace, saranwrap crinking)
Fine Crackles: brief pooping sounds, higher pitch, quieter, short lasting
Coarse Crackles: brief pooping sounds, lower pitch, louder and last longer, bubbling sound

Question 24

Atelectatic crackles

Answer 24

short popping srackling sounds that sound like fine crackles but do not last beyond a few breaths

Question 25

Wheeze

Answer 25

Wheezing: musical quality

Low Wheeze/Rhonci: snoring/gurgling/rattle like, normally dispelled with a cough

Question 26

Pleural Rub

Answer 26

creaking/grating sounds (walking on fresh snow), coughing won’t alter. 2 inflamed surfaces slide by each other

Question 27

Bronchophony

Answer 27

repeat “99” –>normal is muffled, abnormal if clear

Question 28

Egophony

Answer 28

repeat “eeeee” –> normal is “eeee”, anormal is “aaaaaa” (like in an area of consolidation)

Question 29

Whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 29

whisper “123” –>normal is muffled, abnormal if clear

Question 30

Forced expiratory time

Answer 30

time in seconds it takes patient to exhale from total lung capacity to residual volume

Question 31

Forced vital capacity (FVC)

Answer 31

total volume that’s exhaled

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1): volume exhaled in the first second

Question 32

Barrel chest

Answer 32

hyperinflation of the lungs, ribs are horizontal instead of downward slope

Question 33

Pectus excavatum

Answer 33

funnel breast, depression of sternum in intercostal space

Question 34

Pectus carinatum

Answer 34

protusion of sternum with ribs sloping back “pigeon breast”

Question 35

Tachypnea

Answer 35

greater than 24 breather/min

Question 36

Bradypnea

Answer 36

less than 10 resp/min

Question 37

Hyperventilation

Answer 37

increase in rate/deapth of respirations (causes level of CO2 in blood to decrease)