12 - Nutrional

Question 1

Nutritional status

Answer 1

the degree of balance between nutrient intake and nutrient requirements

Question 2

Optimal nutritional status

Answer 2

Consumption of nutrients in amounts that support daily growth and any increased metabolic demands

Question 3

Undernutrition

Answer 3

Depletion of nutritional reserves or inadequate intake to meet daily requirements

Question 4

Overnutrition

Answer 4

Consumption of nutrients in excess of requirements

Question 5

Developmental Considerations: Infants

Answer 5

• Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months
• Daily vitamin D supplements
• Introduction of solid food (iron-fortified cereal) at 4 to 6 months
• Avoid whole cow’s milk until 1 year of age

Question 6

Developmental Considerations: Adolescence

Answer 6

• hormone changes
• increased energy demand
• increases Ca2+/Iron demand
• disordered eating

Question 7

Developmental Considerations: Pregnancy

Answer 7

• folic acid supplements (for prevention of spina bifida and other neural tube defects)

Question 8

Developmental Considerations: Older Adults

Answer 8

• undernutrition and overnutrition
• Decrease of energy requirements by 5% per decade
• Impact of poor dentition, visual acuity, slowed GI function, and diminished taste/smell
• Vitamin D supplements

Question 9

Challenges for new immigrants and refugees

Answer 9

• New and unfamiliar food
• Food storage and preparation difficulties
• Limited income
• Disruption of traditional food habits
• 24-hour food recall insufficient assessment tool

Question 10

Subjective data Nutrition

Answer 10

• Eating patterns
• Usual weight/recent changes
• Changes in appetite, taste, smell, chewing, swallowing
• Recent surgery, trauma, burns, infection
• Chronic conditions
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
• Food allergies or intolerances
• Medications and/or nutritional supplements
• Self-management behaviours/access to healthy foods
• Alcohol or illegal drug use
• Exercise and activity patterns
• Family history
• Psychological problems
• Physical impairments that limit ability to independently consume foods or liquids

Question 11

Nutrition screening Tests

Answer 11

• Malnutrition Screening Tool
• Comprehensive nutritional assessment
• 24-hour food recall
• Food frequency questionnaire
• Food diaries
• Direct observation
• Canada’s Food Guide and Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Question 12

Body mass index calculation

Answer 12

weight (kg) / height (m^2)

Question 13

Waist–hip ratio

Answer 13

waste circumference / hip circumference