24/2/22 Flashcards
What contraception is advised for a trans man (still with uterus)
All contraceptions can be used apart from those with oestrogen as they can combat the efficancy of testoterone
How are anti-elpeletic drugs stopped?
Can be stopped if seizure free >2 years
Stop AEDs over 2-3mnths
How do you manage melanoma?
Wide excision - remove an area of healthy tissue around it
Consider seintel node biopsy
What does g and p in pregnancy mean?
Gravida - number of pregnancies
Pravida - number of pregnancies beyond 24 weeks if viable or not
What painkillers are contradicted in pregnancy?
NSAIDs
How do you diagnose pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in HIV patients?
This is the lung condition that makes O2 sats drop on exercise
Bronchoalveolar lavage
How long is the thrombolysis window?
4.5hrs
When an anomaly scan?
When does it take place in regard to scanning for Down’s Syndrome?
Nuchal thickness scan + dating scan = 11-14wks
Anomaly scan (testing for any abnormalities in foetus, placenta and maternal pelvic organs) = 18-20wks
What drug can interact with viagra?
Nitrates
What is a nice way to remember what causes central pontine myelinolysis?
Correction of sodium levels is what causes it
“High to low brain will blow, low to high pons will die”
B12 deficiency can cause subacute combined degeneration of the cord. What symptoms does that result in?
Lack of dorsal column signals - loss of propericopetion and fine touch
Problems with corticospinal tract - UMN findings
For each of the following CSF findings state the diagnosis:
- high protein, no RBC, normal glucose, normal pressure
- normal protein, no RBC, normal glucose, high pressure
- high protein, no RBC, low glucose, normal pressure
- high protein, RBC present, normal glucose, normal pressure
- viral meningitis
- IIH
- Bacterial meningitis
- SAH
What is the nice way to remember what dermatomes relate to the toes?
L5 - big toe (big toe = biggest number)
S1 = little toe (little toe = littlest number)
What dermatome goes over the knee?
L3 - over the knee
What side of the leg does the common peroneal nerve run?
Lateral side
How do you differentiate between the causes of foot drop?
Both won’t be able to dorsiflex the foot
Able to invert the ankle?
Yes - common peroneal nerve palsy
No - L5 radicuolpathy
Acute haemolytic reactions are as a result of what kind of Ig?
Ig-M
What muscles are typically spared in MND?
Ocular muscles
What special features allow you to identify cervical vs thoracic vs lumbar vertebrae?
Cervical = bifid spinous process (excpetion C7 longer and not bifid), triangular vertebral foramen, foramen for vertebral artery
Thoracic = heart shaped vertebral body, long spinous processes that go inferiorly, demi-facets for rib articulation
Lumbar = much bigger vertebral body but also have triangular foramen, short strong spinous processes
What is the name of the inner and outer portions of the intervertbral discs?
Inner = nucleus pulposus
Outer = anulus fibrosus
How many vertebrae are found in C, T and L?
C7
T12
L5
Complete spine anatomy spot
Which of these is not a ‘typical organism’ in the major criteria for diagnosing endocarditis:
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Viridans group Streptococci
- Escherichia species
- HACEK group organisms
Escherichia species