24/2/22

Question 1

What contraception is advised for a trans man (still with uterus)

Answer 1

All contraceptions can be used apart from those with oestrogen as they can combat the efficancy of testoterone

Question 2

How are anti-elpeletic drugs stopped?

Answer 2

Can be stopped if seizure free >2 years

Stop AEDs over 2-3mnths

Question 3

How do you manage melanoma?

Answer 3

Wide excision - remove an area of healthy tissue around it

Consider seintel node biopsy

Question 4

What does g and p in pregnancy mean?

Answer 4

Gravida - number of pregnancies

Pravida - number of pregnancies beyond 24 weeks if viable or not

Question 5

What painkillers are contradicted in pregnancy?

Answer 5

NSAIDs

Question 6

How do you diagnose pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in HIV patients?

Answer 6

This is the lung condition that makes O2 sats drop on exercise

Bronchoalveolar lavage

Question 7

How long is the thrombolysis window?

Answer 7

4.5hrs

Question 8

When an anomaly scan?

When does it take place in regard to scanning for Down’s Syndrome?

Answer 8

Nuchal thickness scan + dating scan = 11-14wks

Anomaly scan (testing for any abnormalities in foetus, placenta and maternal pelvic organs) = 18-20wks

Question 9

What drug can interact with viagra?

Answer 9

Nitrates

Question 10

What is a nice way to remember what causes central pontine myelinolysis?

Answer 10

Correction of sodium levels is what causes it

“High to low brain will blow, low to high pons will die”

Question 11

B12 deficiency can cause subacute combined degeneration of the cord. What symptoms does that result in?

Answer 11

Lack of dorsal column signals - loss of propericopetion and fine touch

Problems with corticospinal tract - UMN findings

Question 12

For each of the following CSF findings state the diagnosis:

• high protein, no RBC, normal glucose, normal pressure
• normal protein, no RBC, normal glucose, high pressure
• high protein, no RBC, low glucose, normal pressure
• high protein, RBC present, normal glucose, normal pressure

Answer 12

1. viral meningitis
2. IIH
3. Bacterial meningitis
4. SAH

Question 13

What is the nice way to remember what dermatomes relate to the toes?

Answer 13

L5 - big toe (big toe = biggest number)

S1 = little toe (little toe = littlest number)

Question 14

What dermatome goes over the knee?

Answer 14

L3 - over the knee

Question 15

What side of the leg does the common peroneal nerve run?

Answer 15

Lateral side

Question 16

How do you differentiate between the causes of foot drop?

Answer 16

Both won’t be able to dorsiflex the foot

Able to invert the ankle?
Yes - common peroneal nerve palsy
No - L5 radicuolpathy

Question 17

Acute haemolytic reactions are as a result of what kind of Ig?

Answer 17

Ig-M

Question 18

What muscles are typically spared in MND?

Answer 18

Ocular muscles

Question 19

What special features allow you to identify cervical vs thoracic vs lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 19

Cervical = bifid spinous process (excpetion C7 longer and not bifid), triangular vertebral foramen, foramen for vertebral artery

Thoracic = heart shaped vertebral body, long spinous processes that go inferiorly, demi-facets for rib articulation

Lumbar = much bigger vertebral body but also have triangular foramen, short strong spinous processes

Question 20

What is the name of the inner and outer portions of the intervertbral discs?

Answer 20

Inner = nucleus pulposus

Outer = anulus fibrosus

Question 21

How many vertebrae are found in C, T and L?

Answer 21

C7
T12
L5

Question 22

Complete spine anatomy spot

Question 23

Which of these is not a ‘typical organism’ in the major criteria for diagnosing endocarditis:

• Staphylococcus aureus
• Enterococcus faecalis
• Viridans group Streptococci
• Escherichia species
• HACEK group organisms

Answer 23

Escherichia species